1. (a) Arthroplasty of any joints with mechanical device.

   1. (1) Impaired function such as stiffness, limp, or change in limb length.
   2. (2) Blood vessel or nerve injury.
   3. (3) Pain.
   4. (4) Blood clot in limb or lung.
   5. (5) Failure of bone to heal.
   6. (6) Infection.
   7. (7) Removal or replacement of any implanted device or material.
   8. (8) Dislocation or loosening requiring additional surgery.
   9. (9) If performed on a child age 12 or under, include the following additional risks: problems with appearance, use, or growth requiring additional surgery.

2. (b) Arthroscopy of any joint.

   1. (1) Blood vessel or nerve injury.
   2. (2) Continued pain.
   3. (3) Stiffness of joint.
   4. (4) Blood clot in limb or lung.
   5. (5) Joint infection.
   6. (6) If performed on a child age 12 or under, include the following additional risks: problems with appearance, use, or growth requiring additional surgery.

3. (c) Open reduction with internal fixation.

   1. (1) Impaired function such as stiffness, limp, or change in limb length.
   2. (2) Blood vessel or nerve injury.
   3. (3) Pain.
   4. (4) Blood clot in limb or lung.
   5. (5) Failure of bone to heal.
   6. (6) Infection.
   7. (7) Removal or replacement of any implanted device or material.
   8. (8) If performed on a child age 12 or under, include the following additional risks: problems with appearance, use, or growth requiring additional surgery.

4. (d) Osteotomy.

   1. (1) Impaired function such as stiffness, limp, or change in limb length.
   2. (2) Blood vessel or nerve injury.
   3. (3) Pain.
   4. (4) Blood clot in limb or lung.
   5. (5) Failure of bone to heal.
   6. (6) Infection.
   7. (7) Removal or replacement of any implanted device or material.
   8. (8) If performed on a child age 12 or under, include the following additional risks: problems with appearance, use, or growth requiring additional surgery.

5. (e) Ligamentous reconstruction of joints.

   1. (1) Continued instability of the joint.
   2. (2) Arthritis.
   3. (3) Continued pain.
   4. (4) Stiffness of joint.
   5. (5) Blood vessel or nerve injury.
   6. (6) Impaired function and/or scarring.
   7. (7) Blood clot in limb or lung.
   8. (8) If performed on a child age 12 or under, include the following additional risks: problems with appearance, use, or growth requiring additional surgery.

6. (f) Vertebroplasty/kyphoplasty.

   1. (1) Nerve/spinal cord injury.
   2. (2) Need for emergency surgery.
   3. (3) Embolization of cement (cement passes into blood vessels and possibly all the way to the lungs).
   4. (4) Collapse of adjacent vertebrae (bones in spine).
   5. (5) Leak of cerebrospinal fluid (fluid around the brain and spinal cord).
   6. (6) Pneumothorax (collapsed lung).
   7. (7) Failure to relieve pain.
   8. (8) Rib fracture.

7. (g) If the following procedures are performed on a child age 12 or under, problems with appearance, use, or growth requiring additional surgery should be disclosed.

   1. (1) Arthrotomy (opening of joint).
   2. (2) Closed reduction with or without pin or external fixation.
   3. (3) Surgical management of open wound.
   4. (4) Partial excision or removal of bone.
   5. (5) Removal of external fixation device.
   6. (6) Traction or casting with or without manipulation for reduction.

8. (h) Amputation of limb.

   1. (1) Pain and/or phantom sensation in removed limb.
   2. (2) Need for further surgery.
   3. (3) Infection.
   4. (4) Hemorrhage (severe bleeding).
   5. (5) Difficulty with prosthesis fitting.

Source Note:The provisions of this §602.12 adopted to be effective December 26, 2023, 48 TexReg 7985.