Tex. Water Code § 16.236 – Construction of Levee Without Approval of Plans; Levee Safety

(a) No person may construct, attempt to construct, cause to be constructed, maintain, or cause to be maintained any levee or other such improvement on, along, or near any stream of this state that is subject to floods, freshets, or overflows so as to control, regulate, or otherwise change the floodwater of the stream without first obtaining approval of the plans by the commission.
(b) The commission shall make and enforce rules and orders and shall perform all other acts necessary to provide for the safe construction, maintenance, repair, and removal of levees located in this state.
(c) If the owner of a levee that is required to be constructed, reconstructed, repaired, or removed to comply with the rules and orders promulgated under this section wilfully fails or refuses to comply within the 30-day period following the date of an order of the commission requiring such action or compliance or if a person wilfully fails to comply with any rule or order issued by the commission under this section within the 30-day period following the effective date of the order, the person is liable for a penalty of not more than $1,000 a day for each day the person continues to violate this section. The state may recover the penalty by suit brought for that purpose in a district court of Travis County.
(d) If the commission determines that the existing condition of a levee is creating or will cause extensive or severe property damage or economic loss to others or is posing an immediate and serious threat to human life or health and that other procedures available to the commission to remedy or prevent such property damage or economic loss will result in unreasonable delay, the commission may issue an emergency order, either mandatory or prohibitory in nature, directing the owner of the levee to repair, modify, maintain, dewater, or remove the levee which the commission determines is unsafe. The emergency order may be issued without notice to the levee owner or with notice the commission considers practicable under the circumstances.
(e) If the commission issues an emergency order under authority of this section without notice to the levee owner, the commission shall fix a time and place for a hearing, to be held as soon as practicable but not later than 20 days after the emergency order is authorized, to affirm, modify, or set aside the emergency order. If the nature of the commission's action requires further proceedings, those proceedings shall be conducted, as appropriate, under Chapter 2001, Government Code.
(f) Nothing in this section or in rules or orders adopted by the commission shall be construed to relieve an owner or operator of a levee of the legal duties, obligations, or liabilities incident to ownership or operation.
(g) Any person who violates any provision of Subsection (a) of this section is guilty of a Class C misdemeanor and upon conviction is punishable by a fine of not more than $1,000. A separate offense is committed each day a structure constructed in violation of this section is maintained.
(h) Subsection (a) of this section does not apply to:
1. (1) any dam, reservoir, or canal system associated with a water right issued or recognized by the commission;
2. (2) dams authorized by Section 11.142 of this code;
3. (3) a levee or other improvement within the corporate limits of a city or town provided: (a) plans for the construction or maintenance or both must be approved by the city or town as a condition precedent to starting the project and (b) the city or town requires that such plans be in substantial compliance with rules and standards adopted by the commission;
4. (4) a levee or other improvement within the boundaries of any political subdivision which has qualified for the National Flood Insurance Program as authorized by the National Flood Insurance Act of 1968 (Title 42, U.S.C., Sections 4001-4127) provided: (a) plans for the construction or maintenance or both must be approved by the political subdivision which is participating in the national flood insurance program as a condition precedent to starting the project and (b) the political subdivision requires that such plans be in substantial compliance with rules and standards adopted by the commission;
5. (5) projects implementing soil and water conservation practices set forth in a conservation plan with a landowner or operator and approved by the governing board of a soil and water conservation district organized under the State Soil Conservation Law, as amended (Article 165a-4, Vernon's Texas Civil Statutes), provided that the governing board finds the practices do not significantly affect stream flooding conditions on, along, or near a state stream; or
6. (6) any levee or other improvement constructed outside of the 100-year floodway. For the purposes of this section, "100-year floodway" is defined as the channel of a stream and the adjacent land areas that must be reserved in order to discharge the 100-year flood without cumulatively increasing the water surface elevation more than one foot above the 100-year flood elevation prior to encroachment.
(i) On projects located within the corporate limits of a city or town or within the boundaries of any political subdivision which are exempt from the provisions of Subsection (a) of this section by Subdivision (3) or (4) of Subsection (h) of this section, any person whose property is located outside of the corporate limits of such city or town or of the boundaries of such a political subdivision and whose property is affected or potentially affected by the effect of the project on the floodwaters of the stream may appeal the decision of such political subdivision. The appeal shall be in writing and shall specify the grounds therefor and a copy shall be sent by certified mail to the project applicant and to the city or town or such political subdivision. The timely filing of such an appeal with the executive director suspends the decision of the city or town or political subdivision until a final decision is rendered by the commission. The executive director shall review the complaint and investigate the facts surrounding the nature of the complaint. If the executive director finds that the complaint is frivolous or nonmeritorious or made solely for purposes of harassment or delay, then he shall dismiss the appeal. Otherwise, the executive director shall refer the appeal to the commission which shall after due notice hold a hearing to determine whether the project should be approved using the standards established by the commission and shall hear such appeal de novo under the procedural rules established by the commission for other reclamation projects.
Formerly Sec. 16.238, amended by Acts 1977, 65th Leg., p. 2207, ch. 870, Sec. 1, eff. Sept. 1, 1977; Acts 1979, 66th Leg., p. 1375, ch. 615, Sec. 1, eff. Aug. 27, 1979. Renumbered by Acts 1981, 67th Leg., p. 3156, ch. 828, Sec. 8, eff. June 17, 1981. Amended by Acts 1985, 69th Leg., ch. 795, Sec. 1.050, eff. Sept. 1, 1985; Acts 1997, 75th Leg., ch. 1010, Sec. 3.05, eff. Sept. 1, 1997.