1. (a) Mechanical restraints controlling involuntary movement or lack of muscular control of patients/residents when due to organic causes or conditions, are to be employed only as part of an individual program plan, upon a finding by a member of the program team trained in the use of restraints that a particular restraint is necessary. The least restrictive restraints adequate to meet the goals in paragraphs (1) and (2) shall be used. These restraints shall be applied in accordance with principles of good body alignment, concern for circulation, and allowance for changes of position or exercise on a regular basis. Mechanical restraints shall do one of the following:

   1. (1) Prevent a patient/resident from injuring himself and others.
   2. (2) Promote normative body positioning and physical functioning.
2. (b) The initial need for restraints shall be reviewed and approved by an individual or committee not directly involved in treatment of that patient/resident. The continued need for the restraint shall be reviewed as part of the review of individual program plans required by applicable statute and regulations.
3. (c) Mechanical restraints authorized by the program plan shall be employed only as actually necessary to meet the standards and goals stated in this section.

4. (d) In emergency situations, restraints not part of an individual program plan may be used in accordance with the procedures and standards set forth in § 13.5 (relating to use of restraints to control acute or episodic aggressive behavior).

   Examples: Mechanical restraints which may be made part of the individual program plan include but are not limited to protective helmets, supportive body bands, posey belts, wheelchair vests, bed rails, and similar protective devices and body position devices, when used to prevent danger to the patient/resident or others from his involuntary actions.

Cross References

This section cited in 55 Pa. Code § 13.2 (relating to definitions of abuse); and 55 Pa. Code § 5320.54 (relating to seclusion and restraints).