N.Y. Comp. Codes R. & Regs. tit. 11, § 65-1.1 – Requirements for minimum benefit insurance policies for personal injuries.

(a) Every owner's policy of liability insurance issued in satisfaction of the minimum requirements of article 6 or 8 of the Vehicle and Traffic Law and article 51 of the Insurance Law and every policy issued in satisfaction of the minimum requirements of article 44-B of the Vehicle and Traffic Law shall contain provisions providing minimum first-party benefits equal to those set out below in the mandatory personal injury protection endorsement (New York), or mandatory personal injury protection endorsement - motorcycles (New York), respectively.
(b) An insurer shall provide the appropriate endorsement to be used with a policy. The Mandatory Personal Injury Protection Endorsement (New York) and the Mandatory Personal Injury Protection Endorsement - Motorcycles (New York) set out below are approved and promulgated for use by an insurer. Except as provided in subdivision (c) of this section and section 65-1.7 of this Subpart, an insurer shall provide:
1. (1) the Mandatory Personal Injury Protection Endorsement (New York) to every insured with respect to a policy issued, renewed, modified, altered or amended on or after January 26, 2011; or
2. (2) the Mandatory Personal Injury Protection Endorsement - Motorcycles (New York) to every insured with respect to a motorcycle policy issued or renewed.
(c) The mandatory personal injury protection endorsement - all-terrain vehicles (New York), set out below is approved and promulgated for use by an insurer and, except as provided in section 65-1.7 of this Subpart, must be issued with every liability policy covering an all-terrain vehicle as required by section 2407 of article 48-C of the New York Vehicle and Traffic Law and Subpart 64-2 of this Title and must be:
1. (1) furnished to all new insureds with policies effective on and after September 1, 2001; and
2. (2) enclosed with the first renewal policies renewed on and after September 1, 2001.
  (d) Mandatory personal injury protection endorsement.
  MANDATORY PERSONAL INJURY PROTECTION ENDORSEMENT
  (New York)
  The Company agrees with the named insured, as follows:
  Section I
  Mandatory Personal Injury Protection
  The company will pay first-party benefits to reimburse for basic economic loss sustained by an eligible injured person on account of personal injuries caused by an accident arising out of the use or operation of a motor vehicle or a motorcycle during the policy period and within the United States of America, its territories or possessions, or Canada.¹
  First-Party Benefits
  First-party benefits, other than death benefits, are payments equal to basic economic loss, reduced by the following:
(a) 20 percent of the eligible injured person's loss of earnings from work to the extent that an eligible injured person's basic economic loss consists of such loss of earnings;
(b) amounts recovered or recoverable on account of personal injury to an eligible injured person under State or Federal laws providing social security disability or workers' compensation benefits, or disability benefits under article 9 of the New York Workers' Compensation Law;
(c) the amount of any applicable deductible, provided that such deductible shall apply to each accident, but only to the total of first-party benefits otherwise payable to the named insured and any relative as a result of that accident.
Basic Economic Loss
Basic economic loss shall consist of medical expense, work loss, other expense and, when death occurs, a death benefit as herein provided. Except for such death benefit, basic economic loss shall not include any loss sustained on account of death. Basic economic loss of each eligible injured person on account of any single accident shall not exceed $50,000, except that any death benefit hereunder shall be in addition thereto.
Medical Expense
Medical expense shall consist of necessary expenses for:
(a) medical, hospital (including services rendered in compliance with Article 41 of the Public Health Law, whether or not such services are rendered directly by a hospital), surgical, nursing, dental, ambulance, X-ray, prescription drug and prosthetic services;
(b) psychiatric, physical and occupational therapy and rehabilitation;
(c) any nonmedical remedial care and treatment rendered in accordance with a religious method of healing recognized by the laws of New York; and
(d) any other professional health services.
These medical expenses will not be subject to a time limitation, provided that, within one year after the date of the accident, it is ascertainable that further medical expenses may be sustained as a result of the injury. Payments hereunder for necessary medical expenses shall be subject to the limitations and requirements of section 5108 of the New York Insurance Law.
Work Loss
Work loss shall consist of the sum of the following losses and expenses, up to a maximum payment of $2,000 per month for a maximum period of three years from the date of the accident:
(a) loss of earnings from work which the eligible injured person would have performed had such person not been injured, except that an employee who is entitled to receive monetary payments, pursuant to statute or contract with the employer, or who receives voluntary monetary benefits paid for by the employer, by reason of such employee's inability to work because of personal injury arising out of the use or operation of a motor vehicle or a motorcycle, shall not be entitled to receive first-party benefits for loss of earnings from work to the extent that such monetary payments or benefits from the employer do not result in the employee suffering a reduction in income or a reduction in such employee's level of future benefits arising from a subsequent illness or injury; and
(b) reasonable and necessary expenses sustained by the eligible injured person in obtaining services in lieu of those which such person would have performed for income.
Other Expenses
Other expenses shall consist of all reasonable and necessary expenses, other than medical expense and work loss, up to $25 per day for a period of one year from the date of the accident causing injury.
Death Benefit
Upon the death of any eligible injured person, caused by an accident to which this coverage applies, the Company will pay to the estate of such person a death benefit of $2,000.
Eligible Injured Person
Subject to the exclusions and conditions set forth below, an eligible injured person is:
(a) the named insured and any relative who sustains personal injury arising out of the use or operation of any motor vehicle;
(b) the named insured and any relative who sustains personal injury arising out of the use or operation of any motorcycle, while not occupying a motorcycle;
(c) any other person who sustains personal injury arising out of the use or operation of the insured motor vehicle in the State of New York while not occupying another motor vehicle; or
(d) any New York State resident who sustains personal injury arising out of the use or operation of the insured motor vehicle outside of New York while not occupying another motor vehicle.
Exclusions
This coverage does not apply to personal injury sustained by:
(a) the named insured while occupying, or while a pedestrian through being struck by, any motor vehicle owned by the named insured with respect to which the coverage required by the New York Comprehensive Motor Vehicle Insurance Reparations Act is not in effect;
(b) any relative while occupying, or while a pedestrian through being struck by, any motor vehicle owned by the relative with respect to which the coverage required by the New York Comprehensive Motor Vehicle Insurance Reparations Act is not in effect;
(c) the named insured or relative while occupying, or while a pedestrian through being struck by, a motor vehicle in New York State, other than the insured motor vehicle, with respect to which the coverage required by the New York Comprehensive Motor Vehicle Insurance Reparations Act is in effect; however, this exclusion does not apply to personal injury sustained in New York State by the named insured or relative while occupying a bus or school bus, as defined in sections 104 and 142 of the New York Vehicle and Traffic Law, unless that person is the operator, an owner, or an employee of the owner or operator, of such bus or school bus;
[(d) any person in New York State while occupying the insured motor vehicle which is a bus or school bus, as defined in sections 104 and 142 of the New York Vehicle and Traffic Law, but only if such person is a named insured or relative under any other policy providing the coverage required by the New York Comprehensive Motor Vehicle Insurance Reparations Act; however, this exclusion does not apply to the operator, an owner, or an employee of the owner or operator, of such bus or school bus;]²
(e) any person while occupying a motorcycle;
(f) any person who intentionally causes his or her own personal injury;³
(g) any person as a result of operating a motor vehicle while in an intoxicated condition or while his or her ability to operate the vehicle is impaired by the use of a drug (within the meaning of section 1192 of the New York Vehicle and Traffic Law), except that coverage shall apply to necessary emergency health services rendered in a general hospital, as defined in section 2801(10) of the New York Public Health Law, including ambulance services attendant thereto and related medical screening. However, where the person has been convicted of violating section 1192 of the New York Vehicle and Traffic Law while operating a motor vehicle in an intoxicated condition or while his or her ability to operate such vehicle is impaired by the use of a drug, and the conviction is a final determination, the company has a cause of action against such person for the amount of first party benefits that are paid or payable;⁴
(h) any person while:
(1) committing an act which would constitute a felony, or seeking to avoid lawful apprehension or arrest by a law enforcement officer; ³
(2) operating a motor vehicle in a race or speed test; ³
(3) operating or occupying a motor vehicle known to that person to be stolen;³ or
(4) repairing, servicing or otherwise maintaining a motor vehicle if the conduct is within the course of a business of repairing, servicing or otherwise maintaining a motor vehicle and the injury occurs on the business premises; ³
(i) the named insured or relative while not occupying a motor vehicle or a motorcycle when struck by a motorcycle in New York State with respect to which the coverage required by the New York Comprehensive Motor Vehicle Insurance Reparations Act is in effect;
(j) any New York State resident other than the named insured or relative injured through the use or operation of the insured motor vehicle outside of New York State if such resident is the owner or a relative of the owner of a motor vehicle insured under another policy providing the coverage required by the New York Comprehensive Motor Vehicle Insurance Reparations Act;
(k) any New York State resident other than the named insured or relative injured through the use or operation of the insured motor vehicle outside of New York State if such resident is the owner of a motor vehicle for which the coverage required by the New York Comprehensive Motor Vehicle Insurance Reparations Act is not in effect; or
(l) any person who is injured while, pursuant to article 44-B of the Vehicle and Traffic Law, the insured motor vehicle is being used or operated by a transportation network company driver.⁵
Other Definitions
When used in reference to this coverage:
(a) the insured motor vehicle means a motor vehicle owned by the named insured and to which the bodily injury liability insurance of this policy applies and for which a specific premium is charged;
(b) motorcycle means a vehicle as defined in section 123 of the New York Vehicle and Traffic Law and which is required to carry financial security pursuant to article 6, 8 or 48-A of the Vehicle and Traffic Law;
(c) motor vehicle means a motor vehicle, as defined in section 311 of the New York Vehicle and Traffic Law, and also includes fire and police vehicles, but shall not include any motor vehicle not required to carry financial security pursuant to article 6, 8 or 48-A of the Vehicle and Traffic Law, or a motorcycle as defined above;
(d) named insured means the person or organization named [in the declarations];⁶
(e) occupying means in or upon or entering into or alighting from;
(f) personal injury means bodily injury, sickness or disease;
(g) relative means a spouse, child, or other person related to the named insured by blood, marriage, or adoption (including a ward or foster child), who regularly resides in the insured's household, including any such person who regularly resides in the household, but is temporarily living elsewhere; and
(h) use or operation of a motor vehicle or a motorcycle includes the loading or unloading of such vehicle.
Conditions
Action Against Company. No action shall lie against the Company unless, as a condition precedent thereto, there shall have been full compliance with the terms of this coverage.
Notice. In the event of an accident, written notice setting forth details sufficient to identify the eligible injured person, along with reasonably obtainable information regarding the time, place and circumstances of the accident, shall be given by, or on behalf of, each eligible injured person, to the Company, or any of the Company's authorized agents, as soon as reasonably practicable, but in no event more than 30 days after the date of the accident, unless the eligible injured person submits written proof providing clear and reasonable justification for the failure to comply with such time limitation. If an eligible injured person or that person's legal representative institutes a proceeding to recover damages for personal injury under section 5104(b) of the New York Insurance Law, a copy of the summons and complaint or other process served in connection with such action shall be forwarded as soon as practicable to the Company or any of the Company's authorized agents by such eligible injured person or that person's legal representative.
Proof of Claim. Medical, Work Loss, and Other Necessary Expenses. In the case of a claim for health service expenses, the eligible injured person or that person's assignee or representative shall submit written proof of claim to the Company, including full particulars of the nature and extent of the injuries and treatment received and contemplated, as soon as reasonably practicable but, in no event later than 45 days after the date services are rendered. The eligible injured person or that person's representative shall submit written proof of claim for work loss benefits and for other necessary expenses to the Company as soon as reasonably practicable but, in no event, later than 90 days after the work loss is incurred or the other necessary services are rendered. The foregoing time limitations for the submission of proof of claim shall apply unless the eligible injured person or that person's representative submits written proof providing clear and reasonable justification for the failure to comply with such time limitation. Upon request by the Company, the eligible injured person or that person's assignee or representative shall:
(a) execute a written proof of claim under oath;
(b) as may reasonably be required submit to examinations under oath by any person named by the Company and subscribe the same;
(c) provide authorization that will enable the Company to obtain medical records; and
(d) provide any other pertinent information that may assist the Company in determining the amount due and payable.
The eligible injured person shall submit to medical examination by physicians selected by, or acceptable to, the Company, when, and as often as, the Company may reasonably require.
Arbitration. In the event any person making a claim for first-party benefits and the Company do not agree regarding any matter relating to the claim, such person shall have the option of submitting such disagreement to arbitration pursuant to procedures promulgated or approved by the Superintendent of Financial Services.
Reimbursement and Trust Agreement. To the extent that the Company pays first-party benefits, the Company is entitled to the proceeds of any settlement or judgment resulting from the exercise of any right of recovery for damages for personal injury under section 5104(b) of the New York Insurance Law. The Company shall have a lien upon any such settlement or judgment to the extent that the Company has paid first-party benefits. An eligible injured person shall:
(a) hold in trust, for the benefit of the Company, all rights of recovery which that person shall have for personal injury under section 5104(b) of the New York Insurance Law;
(b) do whatever is proper to secure, and shall do nothing to prejudice, such rights; and
(c) execute, and deliver to the Company, instruments and papers as may be appropriate to secure the rights and obligations of such person and the Company established by this provision.
An eligible injured person shall not compromise an action to recover damages brought under section 5104(b) of the New York Insurance Law, except:
(a) with the written consent of the Company;
(b) with approval of the court; or
(c) where the amount of the settlement exceeds $50,000.
Other Coverage. Where more than one source of first-party benefits required by article 51 of the New York Insurance Law and article 6, 8, or 44-B of the New York Vehicle and Traffic Law is available and applicable to an eligible injured person in any one accident, this Company is liable to an eligible injured person only for an amount equal to the maximum amount that the eligible injured person is entitled to recover under this coverage, divided by the number of available and applicable sources of required first-party benefits. An eligible injured person shall not recover duplicate benefits for the same elements of loss under this coverage or any other mandatory first-party motor vehicle or no-fault motor vehicle insurance coverage issued in compliance with the laws of another state.
If the eligible injured person is entitled to benefits under any such mandatory first-party motor vehicle or no-fault motor vehicle insurance for the same elements of loss under this coverage, this Company shall be liable only for an amount equal to the proportion that the total amount available under this coverage bears to the sum of the amount available under this coverage and the amount available under such other mandatory insurance for the common elements of loss. However, where another state's mandatory first-party or no-fault motor vehicle insurance law provides unlimited coverage available to an eligible injured person for an element of loss under this coverage, the obligation of this Company is to share equally for that element of loss with such other mandatory insurance until the $50,000, or $75,000 if Optional Basic Economic Loss (OBEL) coverage is purchased, limit of this coverage is exhausted by the payment of that element of loss and any other elements of loss.
Section II
Excess Coverage
If motor vehicle medical payments coverage or any disability coverages or uninsured motorists coverage are afforded under this policy, such coverages shall be excess insurance over any Mandatory PIP, OBEL or Additional PIP benefits paid or payable, or which would be paid or payable but for the application of a deductible, under this or any other motor vehicle No-Fault insurance policy.
Section III
Constitutionality
If it is conclusively determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that the New York Comprehensive Motor Vehicle Insurance Reparations Act, or any amendment thereto, is invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part, then, subject to the approval of the Superintendent of Financial Services, the Company may amend this policy and may also recompute the premium for the existing or amended policy.
These amendments and recomputations will be effective retroactively to the date that such act or any amendment is deemed to be invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part.
* * *
(e) Mandatory personal injury protection endorsement - motorcycles.
MANDATORY PERSONAL INJURY PROTECTION ENDORSEMENT
MOTORCYCLES - (New York)⁷
The company agrees with the named insured as follows:
Section I
Mandatory Personal Injury Protection
The Company will pay first-party benefits to reimburse for basic economic loss sustained by an eligible injured person on account of personal injuries caused by an accident arising out of the use or operation of the insured motorcycle. This coverage applies only to motorcycle accidents which occur during the policy period and within the State of New York.
Eligible Injured Person
An eligible injured person is any person who sustains a personal injury arising out of the use or operation of the insured motorcycle while not occupying the insured motorcycle, any other motorcycle or a motor vehicle.
First-Party Benefits
First-party benefits, other than death benefits, are payments equal to basic economic loss, reduced by the following:
(a) 20 percent of the eligible injured person's loss of earnings from work to the extent that an eligible injured person's basic economic loss consists of such loss of earnings;
(b) amounts recovered or recoverable on account of personal injury to an eligible injured person under State or Federal laws providing social security disability or workers' compensation benefits, or disability benefits under article 9 of the New York Workers' Compensation Law.
Basic Economic Loss
Basic economic loss shall consist of medical expense, work loss, other expense and, when death occurs, a death benefit as herein provided. Except for such death benefit, basic economic loss shall not include any loss sustained on account of death. Basic economic loss of each eligible injured person on account of any single accident shall not exceed $50,000, except that any death benefit hereunder shall be in addition thereto.
Medical Expense
Medical expense shall consist of necessary expenses for:
(a) medical, hospital (including services rendered in compliance with article 41 of the Public Health Law, whether or not such services are rendered directly by a hospital), surgical, nursing, dental, ambulance, X-ray, prescription drug and prosthetic services;
(b) psychiatric, physical and occupational therapy and rehabilitation;
(c) any nonmedical remedial care and treatment rendered in accordance with a religious method of healing recognized by the laws of New York; and
(d) any other professional health services.
These medical expenses will not be subject to a time limitation, provided that within one year after the date of the accident it is ascertainable that further medical expenses may be sustained as a result of the injury. Payments hereunder for necessary medical expenses shall be subject to the limitations and requirements of section 5108 of the New York Insurance Law.
Work Loss
Work loss shall consist of the sum of the following losses and expenses, up to a maximum payment of $2,000 per month for a maximum period of three years from the date of the accident:
(a) loss of earnings from work which the eligible injured person would have performed had such person not been injured, except that an employee who is entitled to receive monetary payments, pursuant to statute or contract with the employer, or who receives voluntary monetary benefits paid for by the employer, by reason of such employee's inability to work because of personal injury arising out of the use or operation of a motorcycle, shall not be entitled to receive first- party benefits for loss of earnings from work to the extent that such monetary payments or benefits from the employer do not result in the employee suffering a reduction in income or a reduction in such employee's level of future benefits arising from a subsequent illness or injury; and
(b) reasonable and necessary expenses sustained by the eligible injured person in obtaining services in lieu of those which such person would have performed for income.
Other Expenses
Other expenses shall consist of all reasonable and necessary expenses, other than medical expense and work loss, up to $25 per day for a period of one year from the date of the accident causing injury.
Death Benefit
Upon the death of any eligible injured person, caused by an accident to which this coverage applies, the Company will pay to the estate of such person a death benefit of $2,000.
Exclusions ⁸
This coverage does not apply:
(a) to a personal injury sustained by any person who intentionally causes his own personal injury;
(b) to a personal injury sustained by any person while committing an act which would constitute a felony, or seeking to avoid lawful apprehension or arrest by a law enforcement officer; or
(c) to a personal injury sustained by a person while repairing, servicing, or otherwise maintaining a motor vehicle or motorcycle, if such conduct is within the course of a business of repairing, servicing, or otherwise maintaining a motor vehicle or motorcycle and the injury occurs on the business premises.
Other Definitions
When used in reference to this coverage:
(a) insured motorcycle means a motorcycle owned by the named insured and to which the bodily injury liability insurance of this policy applies and for which a specific premium is charged;
(b) motorcycle means a vehicle as defined in section 123 of the New York Vehicle and Traffic Law, and which is required to carry financial security pursuant to article 6, 8 or 48-A of the Vehicle and Traffic Law;
(c) motor vehicle means a motor vehicle, as defined in section 311 of the New York Vehicle and Traffic Law, and also includes fire and police vehicles, but shall not include any motor vehicle not required to carry financial security pursuant to article 6, 8 or 48-A of the Vehicle and Traffic Law, or a motorcycle as defined above;
(d) named insured means the person or organization named [in the declaration];⁹
(e) occupying means in or upon or entering into or alighting from;
(f) personal injury means bodily injury, sickness or disease;
(g) use or operation of a motor vehicle or motorcycle includes the loading or unloading of such vehicle.
Conditions
Action Against Company. No action shall lie against the Company unless, as a condition precedent thereto, there shall have been full compliance with the terms of this coverage.
Notice. In the event of an accident, written notice setting forth details sufficient to identify the eligible injured person, along with reasonably obtainable information regarding the time, place and circumstances of the accident, shall be given by, or on behalf of, each eligible injured person, to the Company, or any of the Company's authorized agents, as soon as reasonably practicable, but in no event more than 30 days after the date of the accident, unless the eligible injured person submits written proof providing clear and reasonable justification for the failure to comply with such time limitation. If an eligible injured person or that person's legal representative institutes a proceeding to recover damages for personal injury under section 5104(b) of the New York Insurance Law, a copy of the summons and complaint or other process served in connection with such action shall be forwarded as soon as practicable to the Company or any of the Company's authorized agents by such eligible injured person or that person's legal representative.
Proof of Claim; Medical, Work Loss, and Other Necessary Expenses. In the case of a claim for health service expenses, the eligible injured person or that person's assignee or representative shall submit written proof of claim to the Company, including full particulars of the nature and extent of the injuries and treatment received and contemplated, as soon as reasonably practicable but, in no event later than 45 days after the date services are rendered. The eligible injured person or that person's representative shall submit written proof of claim for work loss benefits and for other necessary expenses to the Company as soon as reasonably practicable but, in no event, later than 90 days after the work loss is incurred or the other necessary services are rendered. The foregoing time limitations for the submission of proof of claim shall apply unless the eligible injured person submits written proof providing clear and reasonable justification for the failure to comply with such time limitation. Upon request by the Company, the eligible injured person or that person's assignee or representative shall:
(a) execute a written proof of claim under oath;
(b) as may reasonably be required submit to examinations under oath by any person named by the Company and subscribe the same;
(c) provide authorization that will enable the Company to obtain medical records; and
(d) provide any other pertinent information that may assist the Company in determining the amount due and payable.
The eligible injured person shall submit to medical examination by physicians selected by, or acceptable to, the Company when, and as often as, the Company may reasonably require.
Arbitration. In the event any person making a claim for first-party benefits and the Company do not agree regarding any matter relating to the claim, such person shall have the option of submitting such disagreement to arbitration pursuant to procedures promulgated or approved by the Superintendent of Financial Services.
Reimbursement and Trust Agreement. To the extent that the Company pays first-party benefits, the Company is entitled to the proceeds of any settlement or judgment resulting from the exercise of any right of recovery for damages for personal injury under section 5104(b) of the New York Insurance Law. The Company shall have a lien upon any such settlement or judgment to the extent that the Company has paid first-party benefits. An eligible injured person shall:
(a) hold in trust, for the benefit of the Company, all rights of recovery which that person shall have for personal injury under section 5104(b) of the New York Insurance Law;
(b) do whatever is proper to secure, and shall do nothing to prejudice, such rights; and
(c) execute, and deliver to the Company, instruments and papers as may be appropriate to secure the rights and obligations of such person and the Company established by this provision.
An eligible injured person shall not compromise an action to recover damages brought under section 5104(b) of the New York Insurance Law, except:
(a) with the written consent of the Company;
(b) with approval of the court; or
(c) where the amount of the settlement exceeds $50,000.
Other Coverage. Where more than one source of first-party benefits required by article 51 of the New York Insurance Law and article 6 or 8 of the New York Vehicle and Traffic Law is available and applicable to an eligible injured person in any one accident, this Company is liable to an eligible injured person only for an amount equal to the maximum amount that the eligible injured person is entitled to recover under this coverage, divided by the number of available and applicable sources of required first-party benefits. An eligible injured person shall not recover duplicate benefits for the same elements of loss under this coverage or any other mandatory first-party motor vehicle or no-fault motor vehicle insurance coverage issued in compliance with the laws of another state.
If the eligible injured person is entitled to benefits under any such mandatory first-party motor vehicle or no-fault motor vehicle insurance for the same elements of loss under this coverage, this Company shall be liable only for an amount equal to the proportion that the total amount available under this coverage bears to the sum of the amount available under this coverage and the amount available under such other mandatory insurance for the common elements of loss. However, where another state's mandatory first-party or no-fault motor vehicle insurance law provides unlimited coverage available to an eligible injured person for an element of loss under this coverage, the obligation of this Company is to share equally for that element of loss with such other mandatory insurance until the $50,000, or $75,000 if Optional Basic Economic Loss (OBEL) coverage is purchased, limit of this coverage is exhausted by the payment of that element of loss and any other elements of loss.
Section II
Excess Coverage
If medical payments coverage or any disability coverages or uninsured motorists coverage are afforded under this policy, such coverages shall be excess insurance over any Mandatory PIP, OBEL or Additional PIP benefits paid or payable, or which would be paid or payable but for the application of a deductible under this or any other motor vehicle No-Fault insurance policy.
Section III
Constitutionality
If it is conclusively determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that the New York Comprehensive Motor Vehicle Insurance Reparations Act, or any amendment thereto, is invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part, then, subject to the approval of the Superintendent of Financial Services, the Company may amend this policy and may also recompute the premium for the existing or amended policy.
These amendments and recomputations will be effective retroactively to the date that such Act or any amendment is deemed to be invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part.
* * *
(f) Mandatory personal injury protection endorsement - all-terrain vehicles (ATV).
MANDATORY PERSONAL INJURY PROTECTION ENDORSEMENT
ALL-TERRAIN VEHICLES (ATV)¹⁰
(New York)
The Company agrees with the named insured as follows:
Section I
Mandatory Personal Injury Protection
The company will pay first-party benefits to reimburse for basic economic loss sustained by an eligible injured person on account of personal injuries caused by an accident arising out of the use or operation of the insured ATV. This coverage applies only to ATV accidents which occur during the policy period and on or after January 1, 1987 and within the State of New York.
Eligible Injured Person
An eligible injured person is any person who sustains a personal injury arising out of the use or operation of the insured ATV while not occupying the insured ATV, any other ATV, any motorcycle or a motor vehicle.
First-Party Benefits
First-party benefits, other than death benefits, are payments equal to basic economic loss, reduced by the following:
(a) 20 percent of the eligible injured person's loss of earnings from work to the extent that an eligible injured person's basic economic loss consists of such loss of earnings;
(b) amounts recovered or recoverable on account of personal injury to an eligible injured person under State or Federal laws providing social security disability or workers' compensation benefits, or disability benefits under article 9 of the New York Workers' Compensation Law.
Basic Economic Loss
Basic economic loss shall consist of medical expense, work loss, other expense and, when death occurs, a death benefit as herein provided. Except for such death benefit, basic economic loss shall not include any loss sustained on account of death. Basic economic loss of each eligible injured person on account of any single accident shall not exceed $50,000 except that any death benefit hereunder shall be in addition thereto.
Medical Expense
Medical expense shall consist of necessary expenses for:
(a) medical, hospital, surgical, nursing, dental, ambulance, X-ray, prescription drug and prosthetic services;
(b) psychiatric, physical and occupational therapy and rehabilitation;
(c) any nonmedical remedial care and treatment rendered in accordance with a religious method of healing recognized by the laws of New York; and
(d) any other professional health services.
These medical expenses will not be subject to a time limitation, provided that within one year after the date of the accident it is ascertainable that further medical expenses may be sustained as a result of the injury. Payments hereunder for necessary medical expenses shall be subject to the limitations and requirements of section 5108 of the New York Insurance Law.
Work Loss
Work loss shall consist of the sum of the following losses and expenses, up to a maximum payment of $2,000 per month for a period of three years from the date of the accident:
(a) loss of earnings from work which the eligible injured person would have performed had such person not been injured, except that an employee who is entitled to receive monetary payments, pursuant to statute or contract with the employer, or who receives voluntary monetary benefits paid for by the employer, by reason of such employee's inability to work because of personal injury arising out of the use or operation of an ATV shall not be entitled to receive first-party benefits for loss of earnings from work to the extent that such monetary payments or benefits from the employer do not result in the employee suffering a reduction in income or a reduction in such employee's level of future benefits arising from a subsequent illness or injury; and
(b) reasonable and necessary expenses sustained by the eligible injured person in obtaining services in lieu of those which such person would have performed for income.
Other Expenses
Other expenses shall consist of all reasonable and necessary expenses, other than medical expense and work loss, up to $25 per day for a period of one year from the date of the accident causing injury.
Death Benefit
Upon the death of any eligible injured person, caused by an accident to which this coverage applies, the Company will pay to the estate of such person a death benefit of $2,000.
Exclusions ¹¹
This coverage does not apply:
(a) to a personal injury sustained by any person who intentionally causes his own personal injury;
(b) to a personal injury sustained by any person while committing an act which would constitute a felony, or seeking to avoid lawful apprehension or arrest by a law enforcement officer; or
(c) to a personal injury sustained by a person while repairing, servicing, or otherwise maintaining a motor vehicle, motorcycle or ATV, if such conduct is within the course of a business of repairing, servicing, or otherwise maintaining a motor vehicle, motorcycle or ATV, and the injury occurs on the business premises.
Other Definitions
When used in reference to this coverage:
(a) the insured ATV means an ATV owned by the named insured and to which the bodily injury liability insurance of this policy applies and for which a specific premium is charged;
(b) motorcycle means a vehicle as defined in section 123 of the New York Vehicle and Traffic Law, and which is required to carry financial security pursuant to article 6, 8 or 48-A of the Vehicle and Traffic Law;
(c) all-terrain vehicle (ATV) means a vehicle defined in section 2281 of the New York Vehicle and Traffic Law, which is required to carry financial security pursuant to articles 48-A and 48-C of the Vehicle and Traffic Law;
(d) motor vehicle means a motor vehicle, as defined in section 311 of the New York Vehicle and Traffic Law, and also includes fire and police vehicles, but shall not include any motor vehicle not required to carry financial security pursuant to article 6, 8 or 48-A of the Vehicle and Traffic Law, or a motorcycle or ATV, as defined above;
(e) named insured means the person or organization named [in the declaration];¹²
(f) occupying means in or upon or entering into or alighting from;
(g) personal injury means bodily injury, sickness or disease;
(h) use or operation of a motor vehicle, motorcycle or ATV includes the loading or unloading of such vehicle.
Conditions
Action Against Company. No action shall lie against the Company, unless, as a condition precedent thereto, there shall have been full compliance with the terms of this coverage.
Notice. In the event of an accident, written notice setting forth details sufficient to identify the eligible injured person, along with reasonably obtainable information regarding the time, place and circumstances of the accident, shall be given by, or on behalf of, each eligible injured person, to the Company, or any of the Company's authorized agents, as soon as reasonably practicable, but in no event more than 30 days after the date of the accident, unless the eligible injured person submits written proof providing clear and reasonable justification for the failure to comply with such time limitation. If an eligible injured person or his legal representative institutes a proceeding to recover damages for personal injury under section 5104(b) of the New York Insurance Law, a copy of the summons and complaint or other process served in connection with such action shall be forwarded as soon as practicable to the Company or any of the Company's authorized agents by such eligible injured person or his legal representative.
Proof of Claim; Medical, Work Loss, and Other Necessary Expenses. In the case of a claim for health service expenses, the eligible injured person or that person's assignee or representative shall submit written proof of claim to the Company, including full particulars of the nature and extent of the injuries and treatment received and contemplated, as soon as reasonably practicable but, in no event later than 45 days after the date services are rendered. The eligible injured person or that person's representative shall submit written proof of claim for work loss benefits and for other necessary expenses to the Company as soon as reasonably practicable but, in no event, later than 90 days after the work loss is incurred or the other necessary services are rendered. The foregoing time limitations for the submission of proof of claim shall apply unless the eligible injured person submits written proof providing clear and reasonable justification for the failure to comply with such time limitation. Upon request by the Company, the eligible injured person or that person's assignee or representative shall:
(a) execute a written proof of claim under oath;
(b) as may reasonably be required submit to examinations under oath by any person named by the Company and subscribe the same;
(c) provide authorization that will enable the Company to obtain medical records; and
(d) provide any other pertinent information that may assist the Company in determining the amount due and payable.
The eligible injured person shall submit to medical examination by physicians selected by, or acceptable to, the Company, when, and as often as, the Company may reasonably require.
Arbitration. In the event any person making a claim for first-party benefits and the Company do not agree regarding any matter relating to the claim, such person shall have the option of submitting such disagreement to arbitration pursuant to procedures promulgated or approved by the Superintendent of Financial Services.
Reimbursement and Trust Agreement. To the extent that the Company pays first-party benefits, the Company is entitled to the proceeds of any settlement or judgment resulting from the exercise of any right of recovery for damages for personal injury under section 5104(b) of the New York Insurance Law. The Company shall have a lien upon any such settlement or judgment to the extent that the Company has paid first-party benefits. An eligible injured person shall:
(a) hold in trust, for the benefit of the Company, all rights of recovery which he shall have for personal injury under section 5104(b) of the New York Insurance Law;
(b) do whatever is proper to secure, and shall do nothing to prejudice, such rights; and
(c) execute, and deliver to the Company, instruments and papers as may be appropriate to secure the rights and obligations of such person and the Company established by this provision.
An eligible injured person shall not compromise an action to recover damages brought under section 5104(b) of the New York Insurance Law except:
(a) with the written consent of the Company;
(b) with approval of the court; or
(c) where the amount of the settlement exceeds $50,000.
Other Coverage. Where more than one source of first-party benefits required by article 51 of the New York Insurance Law and article 6 or 8 of the New York Vehicle and Traffic Law is available and applicable to an eligible injured person in any one accident, this Company is liable to an eligible injured person only for an amount equal to the maximum amount that the eligible injured person is entitled to recover under this coverage, divided by the number of available and applicable sources of required first-party benefits. An eligible injured person shall not recover duplicate benefits for the same elements of loss under this coverage or any other mandatory first-party automobile or no-fault automobile insurance coverage issued in compliance with the laws of another state.
If the eligible injured person is entitled to benefits under any such mandatory first-party automobile or no-fault automobile insurance for the same elements of loss under this coverage, this Company shall be liable only for an amount equal to the proportion that the total amount available under this coverage bears to the sum of the amount available under this coverage and the amount available under such other mandatory insurance of the common elements of loss. However, where another state's mandatory first- party or no-fault automobile insurance law provides unlimited coverage available to an eligible injured person for an element of loss under this coverage, the obligation of this Company is to share equally for that element of loss with such other mandatory insurance until the $50,000 limit of this coverage is exhausted by the payment of that element of loss and any other elements of loss.
Section II
Excess Coverage
If medical payments coverage or any disability coverages or uninsured motorists coverage are afforded under this policy, such coverages shall be excess insurance over any mandatory or additional personal injury protection benefits paid or payable, or which would be paid or payable but for the application of a deductible under this or any other automobile no-fault insurance policy.
Section III
Constitutionality
If it is conclusively determined by a court of competent jurisdiction that the New York Comprehensive Motor Vehicle Insurance Reparations Act, or any amendment thereto, is invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part, then, subject to the approval of the Superintendent of Financial Services, the Company may amend this policy and may also recompute the premium for the existing or amended policy.
These amendments and recomputations will be effective retroactively to the date that such Act or any amendment is deemed to be invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part.
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(g) Notwithstanding any of the provisions of these endorsements, the Company shall provide at least for the payment of first-party benefits pursuant to section 5103 of the Insurance Law, and these endorsements shall be construed as if such coverage were embodied therein.