A. When a physician or other person knows that a person has, or is reasonably believed to be infected with, active tuberculosis, the physician or other person shall promptly notify the department.

B. Upon receiving notification that a person has active tuberculosis, the department shall prescribe the person a treatment plan meeting the department's therapeutic specifications for the infectious form of tuberculosis. The treatment plan shall include a notice to the person that failure to comply with the treatment plan will result in immediate initiation of court action to ensure compliance, as set forth in this section.

C. The secretary, or a representative of the department whom the secretary designates, may by public health order temporarily isolate a person or group of persons if delay in isolating the person or group would significantly jeopardize the secretary's ability to prevent or limit the transmission of tuberculosis to others. The public health order shall expire at the end of twenty-four hours from the time of the commencement of isolation. The secretary may petition for a court order that authorizes the continued isolation. In the petition, the secretary shall present facts used to support the need to have issued the public health order to isolate.

D. Whether or not a public health order was issued pursuant to Subsection C of this section, when the department has knowledge that a person who has active tuberculosis has failed to comply with the department's treatment plan as described in Subsection B of this section, the department shall petition for a court order for the person who has active tuberculosis to comply with whichever of the following courses of action the department deems appropriate:

1. (1) a program of directly observed therapy;
2. (2) isolation; or

3. (3) directly observed therapy and isolation.

   E. A petition for a court order shall be made under oath or shall be accompanied by a sworn affidavit setting out specific facts showing the basis upon which isolation is justified, including whether the person to be isolated:

4. (1) has active tuberculosis or presents a substantial likelihood of having active tuberculosis based on credible medical evidence;
5. (2) after being advised of the condition and the risks posed thereby, has failed to comply with the department's treatment plan; and

6. (3) poses a substantial likelihood of transmission of tuberculosis to others because the person is actively infectious or poses a risk of relapse or development of a therapy-resistant strain of tuberculosis.

   F. Upon the filing of a petition for a court order, the court shall:

7. (1) in cases where there is probable cause established by the petition to give the judge reason to believe that the person who has been alleged to have active tuberculosis poses a substantial threat to the public health and safety because the person is actively infectious, or poses a risk of relapse or development of a therapy-resistant strain of tuberculosis because of a history of noncompliance, immediately grant ex parte a court order to:

   1. (a) administer a program of directly observed therapy;
   2. (b) isolate the person and administer a program of directly observed therapy; or
   3. (c) isolate the person, if the person refuses a program of directly observed therapy;
8. (2) cause the court order, notice of hearing and an advisement of the terms of the court order, including the rights of the person alleged to have active tuberculosis to representation and re-petition for termination of a court order, to be immediately served on the person alleged to have active tuberculosis; and

9. (3) within five days after the granting of the court order, hold an evidentiary hearing to determine if the court shall continue the court order.

   G. A person held pursuant to a court order as set forth in Subsection F of this section shall be:

10. (1) entitled to representation by counsel at the evidentiary hearing and at all hearings thereafter for the duration of the period of isolation or program of directly observed therapy; and

11. (2) permitted to communicate on any matter, including the person's isolation or program of directly observed therapy, with persons by telephone or other reasonably available means that do not expose other persons to the risk of infection, for the duration of the period of isolation or program of directly observed therapy.

    H. Counsel may be retained by the person under the court order or shall be appointed by the court if the court determines that the person held cannot afford legal representation or if the court determines that appointment of counsel is required in the interest of justice.

    I. At the evidentiary hearing, the court shall review the circumstances surrounding the court order, and, if the petitioner can show by clear and convincing evidence that the person being held has not complied or will not comply with appropriate treatment and contagion precautions as the department deems necessary, the court shall continue the court order for the person who has active tuberculosis until completion of therapy, as deemed by the department. The court shall order regular review of the order by providing the person under a court order with a subsequent hearing within ninety days of the court order's issuance and every ninety days thereafter. The court order shall be terminated and the person shall be released if:

12. (1) at a hearing, the petitioner has not met its burden of showing by clear and convincing proof that the person under a court order has not completed therapy; or

13. (2) exceptional circumstances exist warranting the termination of the court order.

    J. The provisions of this section do not permit the forcible administration of medications.

    K. A person isolated pursuant to this section has the right to refuse any medical treatment, physical or mental examination, treatment program or invasive specimen collection. A person who has been directed by the secretary to submit to medical procedures and protocols because the person has active tuberculosis and refuses to submit to the procedures and protocols may be subject to continued isolation pursuant to this section.

    L. A person who is isolated pursuant to a court order may petition the court to contest the order or the conditions of isolation at any time prior to the expiration of the court order. If a petition is filed, the court shall hold a hearing within five business days after the date of filing. At a hearing pursuant to a petition to contest, the secretary shall offer:

14. (1) clear and convincing evidence that the isolation is warranted; or

15. (2) proof that the conditions of isolation are compliant with the provisions of this section.

    M. When isolating a person or group of persons, the secretary shall ensure that:

16. (1) isolation is imposed by the least restrictive means necessary to protect against the spread of tuberculosis to others and may include confinement to the isolated person's private home, if practicable, or, if not practicable, a private or public premises;
17. (2) the health status of an isolated person is monitored regularly to determine if continued isolation is required;
18. (3) the needs of a person isolated are addressed in a systematic and orderly manner, including the provision of adequate food, clothing, shelter, sanitation and comfort;
19. (4) there are methods of communication available to a person placed in isolation to enable communication with family members, household members, legal representatives, advocates, the media and any licensed health care provider;
20. (5) the premises used for isolation are maintained in a manner that minimizes the likelihood of further transmission of infection or other injury to other persons who are isolated; and

21. (6) to the extent possible, cultural and religious beliefs shall be respected in addressing the needs of persons and establishing and maintaining isolation premises.

    N. The proceedings of any hearing held pursuant to this section shall be recorded stenographically, electronically or mechanically or by other appropriate means. The proceedings shall be closed to the general public and the records shall be sealed from public inspection.

    O. A person who in good faith reports that another person has active tuberculosis shall not be held liable for civil damages as a result of the report; provided that the person reported as having active tuberculosis shall have the right to sue for damages sustained as a result of negligent or intentional reporting of inaccurate information or the disclosure of information to an unauthorized person.

    P. During the period of isolation, an employer shall not discharge from employment a person who is placed in isolation pursuant to this section.

    Q. For purposes of this section:

22. (1) "active tuberculosis" means a disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis or other members of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex family that has been determined, through current clinical, bacteriological or radiographic evidence, or whichever diagnostic procedures the department deems appropriate, to be present in a person who has not completed an appropriate course of antituberculosis medication, regardless of the state of communicability of the disease. A person with active tuberculosis includes a person with:

    1. (a) tuberculosis that is resistant to the prescribed treatment plan;
    2. (b) infectious tuberculosis or who presents a substantial likelihood of having infectious tuberculosis based on credible medical evidence;
    3. (c) noninfectious tuberculosis who is at high risk of developing an infectious form of tuberculosis; and
    4. (d) pulmonary or extrapulmonary tuberculosis;
23. (2) "completion of therapy" means completion of the prescribed therapy, as determined by the department based upon published national consensus tuberculosis treatment guidelines;
24. (3) "court" means the district court of the judicial district where the person who is alleged to have active tuberculosis resides or is found or a district court designated by the New Mexico supreme court;
25. (4) "department" means the department of health or a person designated by the secretary of health to carry out the duties provided in this section;
26. (5) "directly observed therapy" means a methodology for promoting patient adherence in which a health care provider or trained designee witnesses the patient ingest each dose of medication until the completion of prescribed therapy for tuberculosis; and

27. (6) "isolation" means:

    1. (a) home isolation;
    2. (b) home isolation with electronic monitoring;
    3. (c) isolation in a hospital or other health care facility negative pressure room where appropriate security measures are undertaken to prevent the transmission of tuberculosis; or
    4. (d) isolation in a prison or detention center negative pressure room with an appropriate level of medical care.

History: Laws 2009, ch. 174, § 1; 2017, ch. 87, § 17.

ANNOTATIONS

The 2017 amendment, effective June, 16, 2017, clarified the authority of the department of health to temporarily isolate a person or group of persons when a delay in isolating the person or group would jeopardize the secretary of health’s ability to prevent or limit transmission of tuberculosis, provided due process protections for any person subject to such isolation, defined "active tuberculosis", and revised certain definitions for purposes of this section; replaced "infectious form of" with "active" throughout the section, and replaced "order of protection" or "temporary order of protection" with "court order" throughout the section; in Subsection A, after "a person has", deleted "an infectious form of" and added "or is reasonably believed to be infected with, active"; added new Subsection C; deleted former Subsection D; redesignated former Subsection C as Subsection D; in Subsection D, added "Whether or not a public health order was issued pursuant to Subsection C of this section", after "shall petition", deleted "the court"; in Subsection E, in the introductory clause, deleted "The" and added "A", and after "shall", deleted "state that the person for whom the order is sought" and added "be made under oath or shall be accompanied by a sworn affidavit setting out specific facts showing the basis upon which isolation is justified, including whether the person to be isolated"; added new Subsections K through M and redesignated former Subsections K and L as Subsections N and O, respectively; added new Subsection P and redesignated former Subsection M as Subsection Q; and in Subsection Q, added new Paragraph Q(1) and redesignated former Paragraphs Q(1) through Q(4) as Paragraphs Q(2) through Q(5), deleted former Paragraph Q(5), in Subparagraph Q(6)(c), after "negative pressure room", deleted "monitored by a security officer" and added "where appropriate security measures are undertaken to prevent the transmission of tuberculosis; or", and deleted former Subparagraph Q(6)(d) and redesignated former Subparagraph Q(6)(e) as Subparagraph Q(6)(d).