N.M. Const. art. IV, § 1
The legislative power shall be vested in a senate and house of representatives which shall be designated the legislature of the state of New Mexico, and shall hold its sessions at the seat of government.
The people reserve the power to disapprove, suspend and annul any law enacted by the legislature, except general appropriation laws; laws providing for the preservation of the public peace, health or safety; for the payment of the public debt or interest thereon, or the creation or funding of the same, except as in this constitution otherwise provided; for the maintenance of the public schools or state institutions, and local or special laws. Petitions disapproving any law other than those above excepted, enacted at the last preceding session of the legislature, shall be filed with the secretary of state not less than four months prior to the next general election. Such petitions shall be signed by not less than ten per centum of the qualified electors of each of three-fourths of the counties and in the aggregate by not less than ten per centum of the qualified electors of the state, as shown by the total number of votes cast at the last preceding general election. The question of the approval or rejection of such law shall be submitted by the secretary of state to the electorate at the next general election; and if a majority of the legal votes cast thereon, and not less than forty per centum of the total number of legal votes cast at such general election, be cast for the rejection of such law, it shall be annulled and thereby repealed with the same effect as if the legislature had then repealed it, and such repeal shall revive any law repealed by the act so annulled; otherwise, it shall remain in force unless subsequently repealed by the legislature. If such petition or petitions be signed by not less than twenty-five per centum of the qualified electors under each of the foregoing conditions, and be filed with the secretary of state within ninety days after the adjournment of the session of the legislature at which such law was enacted, the operation thereof shall be thereupon suspended and the question of its approval or rejection shall be likewise submitted to a vote at the next ensuing general election. If a majority of the votes cast thereon and not less than forty per centum of the total number of votes cast at such general election be cast for its rejection, it shall be thereby annulled; otherwise, it shall go into effect upon publication of the certificate of the secretary of state declaring the result of the vote thereon. It shall be a felony for any person to sign any such petition with any name other than his own, or to sign his name more than once for the same measure, or to sign such petition when he is not a qualified elector in the county specified in such petition; provided, that nothing herein shall be construed to prohibit the writing thereon of the name of any person who cannot write, and who signs the same with his mark. The legislature shall enact laws necessary for the effective exercise of the power hereby reserved.
Cross references. — For referendum petitions, see 1-17-1 to 1-17-14 NMSA 1978.
For statutes relating to the legislature, see Chapter 2, NMSA 1978.
Comparable provisions. — Idaho Const., art. III, § 1.
Montana Const., art. V, § 1.
Utah Const., art. VI, § 1.
The state has broad police power to regulate the liquor business. — Laws 1981, ch. 39, § 36, the provision of the Liquor Control Act (act) which provides that the holder of any license issued under the act has no vested property right in the license, is constitutional, because New Mexico courts have consistently held that as between a licensee and the state, a liquor license is a privilege and not a right, and therefore liquor license holders have no property right in their license as against the state. Moreover, the state has broad police power to regulate the liquor business, and as long as a regulation is reasonably related to a proper purpose and does not unreasonably deprive the property owner of all or substantially all of the beneficial use of his property, it does not constitute a taking of private property pursuant to the state’s police power, and under the act, current liquor license holders have the continued right to engage in the alcoholic beverage business. Chronis v. State ex rel. Rodriguez, 1983-NMSC-081, 100 N.M. 342, 670 P.2d 953.
Section is self-executing. State v. Perrault, 1929-NMSC-099, 34 N.M. 438, 283 P. 902.
Right of referendum narrow. — The omission by the framers of our constitution of the words "necessary" and "immediate" in the language of the exemption clause results in allowing the people of this state a much narrower right of referendum than is allowed in any other state in which the right is reserved. Otto v. Buck, 1956-NMSC-040, 61 N.M. 123, 295 P.2d 1028.
Under this section the people have retained limited veto power closely akin to that of governor, but with difference that his power is general over all legislation. State ex rel. Hughes v. Cleveland, 1943-NMSC-029, 47 N.M. 230, 141 P.2d 192.
Legislature has plenary legislative authority limited only by the state and federal constitutions. Daniels v. Watson, 1966-NMSC-011, 75 N.M. 661, 410 P.2d 193.
Legislature's plenary authority is limited only by the state and federal constitutions. — Court decisions may be modified by legislative enactment in any manner and to any degree decided by the legislature, so long as the legislation conforms to constitutional standards. Ferguson v. New Mexico State Hwy. Comm'n, 1982-NMCA-180, 99 N.M. 194, 656 P.2d 244, cert. denied, 99 N.M. 226, 656 P.2d 889 (1983).
The legislature acted constitutionally in enacting the Tort Claims Act (41-4-1 to 41-4-27 NMSA 1978) following judicial abolition of sovereign immunity. Ferguson v. New Mexico State Hwy. Comm'n, 1982-NMCA-180, 99 N.M. 194, 656 P.2d 244, cert. denied, 99 N.M. 226, 656 P.2d 889 (1983).
Legislature to define crimes and punishments. — The legislature is the proper branch of government to determine what behavior should be proscribed under the police power, and to define crimes and provide for their punishment. State v. Dennis, 1969-NMCA-036, 80 N.M. 262, 454 P.2d 276.
Power to define crimes and provide the punishment is a legislative function. State v. Allen, 1967-NMSC-029, 77 N.M. 433, 423 P.2d 867; State v. Jiminez, 1976-NMCA-096, 89 N.M. 652, 556 P.2d 60.
Legislature may provide criminal penalties for violation of rules and regulations under proper circumstances. State v. Allen, 1967-NMSC-029, 77 N.M. 433, 423 P.2d 867.
Unnecessary restrictions not permissible. — Legislatures may not, under the guise of the police power, impose restrictions that are unnecessary and unreasonable upon the use of private property or the pursuit of useful activities. State v. Dennis, 1969-NMCA-036, 80 N.M. 262, 454 P.2d 276.
Anticipatory legislation permissible. — The legislature may pass a statute in anticipation of adoption of an amendment to the constitution and to take effect thereon. In re Thaxton, 1968-NMSC-014, 78 N.M. 668, 437 P.2d 129.
Legislature may amend existing law for clarification purposes just as effectively and certainly as for purposes of change. State ex rel. Dickson v. Aldridge, 1960-NMSC-018, 66 N.M. 390, 348 P.2d 1002.
Delegation for carrying out legislative purposes valid. — Where a valid statute complete in itself enacts the general outlines of a governmental scheme, policy or purpose, and confers upon officials charged with the duty of assisting in administering the law and authority to make, subject to judicial review, rules and regulations, or to ascertain facts, upon which the statute by its own terms operates in carrying out the legislative purpose, such authority is not an unconstitutional delegation of legislative power. State v. Spears, 1953-NMSC-033, 57 N.M. 400, 259 P.2d 356.
Standards to be given agency. — A legislative body may not vest unbridled or arbitrary power in an administrative agency but must furnish reasonably adequate standards to guide it, broad standards being permissible so long as they are capable of reasonable application and are sufficient to limit and define the agency's discretionary powers. State v. Pina, 1977-NMCA-020, 90 N.M. 181, 561 P.2d 43.
Delegation of power to board. — Laws 1951, ch. 224 (repealed), relating to licensing of real estate brokers, was not unconstitutional as a delegation of legislative power to an administrative board. State v. Spears, 1953-NMSC-033, 57 N.M. 400, 259 P.2d 356, 39 A.L.R. 2d 595.
Rule-making powers delegable. — While the legislature may not delegate its power to make laws, it may vest in administrative officers and bodies a large measure of discretionary authority especially to make rules and regulations relating to the enforcement of the law. State v. Spears, 1953-NMSC-033, 57 N.M. 400, 259 P.2d 356, 39 A.L.R. 2d 595.
Rule-making powers must not abrogate underlying statute. — Legislature may not delegate authority to a board or commission to adopt rules or regulations which abridge, enlarge, extend or modify the statute creating the right or imposing the duty. State ex rel. McCulloch v. Ashby, 1963-NMSC-217, 73 N.M. 267, 387 P.2d 588.
Workmen's compensation settlements by court. — Provisions in 52-1-30 and 52-1-56 NMSA 1978 authorizing court to direct or approve settlement of workmen's compensation claim, in installment payments or as a lump sum, guided by claimant's best interests, did not involve an unconstitutional delegation of authority. Livingston v. Loffland Bros., 1974-NMCA-047, 86 N.M. 375, 524 P.2d 991, cert. denied, 86 N.M. 372, 524 P.2d 988.
Petition by users of underground water. — Section 5 of Laws 1927, ch. 182 (repealed), providing for administration of the act as to any underground waters upon petition signed by ten percent of the users of such waters, did not delegate legislative power to the petitioners in violation of this section. Yeo v. Tweedy, 1929-NMSC-033, 34 N.M. 611, 286 P. 970.
Challenge to constitutionality of law. — In determining the constitutionality of a law, the presumption is that the legislature has performed its duty and kept within the bounds fixed by the constitution; and the judiciary will, if possible, give effect to the legislative intent, unless it clearly appears to be in conflict with the constitution. Seidenberg v. New Mexico Bd. of Med. Exam'rs, 1969-NMSC-028, 80 N.M. 135, 452 P.2d 469.
Every presumption is to be indulged in favor of validity and regularity of legislative enactments. In re Estate of Welch, 1969-NMSC-093, 80 N.M. 448, 457 P.2d 380.
Doubts resolved in favor of constitutionality. — Legislative acts should not be held unconstitutional unless no other conclusion can reasonably be reached and all doubts must be resolved in favor of constitutionality. Peyton v. Nord, 1968-NMSC-027, 78 N.M. 717, 437 P.2d 716.
Standing to challenge legislation. — The constitutionality of a legislative act is open to attack only by a person whose rights are affected thereby. State v. Kasakoff, 1972-NMCA-151, 84 N.M. 404, 503 P.2d 1182; State v. Hines, 1967-NMSC-237, 78 N.M. 471, 432 P.2d 827.
Question of referability is one of "judicial" fact, in the sense that the court examines the enactment of the legislature in the light of the history thereof, including previous extant or repealed legislation on the subject, contemporaneous declarations of the legislature, the condition sought to be remedied by the act, and the consequences of any particular interpretation to be given it. Otto v. Buck, 1956-NMSC-040, 61 N.M. 123, 295 P.2d 1028.
Initiation of constitutional amendment not subject to referendum. — Authority reposed in legislature to initiate constitutional amendments is different than its power to legislate, and is not subject to referendum. Hutcheson v. Gonzales, 1937-NMSC-047, 41 N.M. 474, 71 P.2d 140.
Procedure provided by legislature, in session as a convention to amend the constitution, which directs submission to the voters in order to effectuate the proposal for amendment, is a law, but not the kind of a law against which referendum may be directed under this article. Hutcheson v. Gonzales, 1937-NMSC-047, 41 N.M. 474, 71 P.2d 140.
Enactment calling for special election to approve or reject proposed amendments to state constitution was not subject to referendum. Hutcheson v. Gonzales, 1937-NMSC-047, 41 N.M. 474, 71 P.2d 140.
Valid relationship to police power sufficient for exemption. — The question to be determined is whether an act reasonably provides for the preservation of the public peace, health or safety, which involves a determination of whether a valid relationship exists between the enactment and the preservation of either the public peace, health or safety. Otto v. Buck, 1956-NMSC-040, 61 N.M. 123, 295 P.2d 1028.
Inclusiveness of public health measure. — Character of legislation as public health measure is not defeated by its failure to affect all or even a major percentage of people of state. State ex rel. Hughes v. Cleveland, 1943-NMSC-029, 47 N.M. 230, 141 P.2d 192.
The fact that a measure does not affect all or even a major portion of the people of the state does not deny it character as a measure providing for preservation of public peace, health or safety. Otto v. Buck, 1956-NMSC-040, 61 N.M. 123, 295 P.2d 1028.
Former cigarette tax act exempt. — Laws 1943, ch. 95 (72-14-1, 1953 Comp. et seq., now repealed), which levied an excise tax on cigars and cigarettes to provide funds for needy aged so that they might have "a reasonable subsistence compatible with decency and health," was exempt from referendum since it reasonably provided for preservation of public peace, health or safety. State ex rel. Hughes v. Cleveland, 1943-NMSC-029, 47 N.M. 230, 141 P.2d 192.
Highway debentures as "public debt". — Gasoline Tax Act enacted by Laws 1949, ch. 42 (64-26-2, 64-26-3, 64-26-5 to 64-26-7, 1953 Comp., now repealed) was excepted from referendum as highway debentures were evidences of public debts in sense words "public debt" are used in this section. State ex rel. Linn v. Romero, 1949-NMSC-049, 53 N.M. 402, 209 P.2d 179.
Two referendum proceedings distinguished. — Proceedings for referendum initiated within 90 days after adjournment of the legislature, if successful, repeal no law, but annul it, while those initiated with a ten percent petition or after the 90-day period, if successful, repeal the law as though the legislature had then repealed it. In the first instance there was no operative act, while in the second the act, while inoperative, was a valid existing law. Todd v. Tierney, 1933-NMSC-094, 38 N.M. 15, 27 P.2d 991.
Legislative declaration of emergency contained in act is final, and is conclusive and binding upon the courts. Hutchens v. Jackson, 1933-NMSC-051, 37 N.M. 325, 23 P.2d 355.
Emergency legislation not suspendable by referendum petition. — Where a law became effective immediately upon its passage by reason of an emergency declaration, it is not suspended by a referendum petition having the requisite number of signatures filed within 90 days after adjournment. Todd v. Tierney, 1933-NMSC-094, 38 N.M. 15, 27 P.2d 991.
If a law has immediate effect, its nonreferable character is conclusively established, insofar as the 90-day clause is concerned. Todd v. Tierney, 1933-NMSC-094, 38 N.M. 15, 27 P.2d 991.
Filing with secretary of state of referendum petition bearing required signatures of 25% of the qualified electors of the state does not have effect of suspending operation of a law already in effect by reason of an emergency clause, even though the law should be one subject to referendum. Flynn, Welch & Yates, Inc. v. State Tax Comm'n, 1934-NMSC-001, 38 N.M. 131, 28 P.2d 889; Todd v. Tierney, 1933-NMSC-094, 38 N.M. 15, 27 P.2d 991.
Designation as emergency measure does not affect referability. Flynn, Welch & Yates, Inc. v. State Tax Comm'n, 1934-NMSC-001, 38 N.M. 131, 28 P.2d 889.
Review of legislation effectuating referendum rights. — When legislature has passed such laws as it deems necessary to effective exercise of referendum, under duty imposed upon it by this section, this court will consider only whether something indispensable to such effective exercise is lacking. State v. Perrault, 1929-NMSC-099, 34 N.M. 438, 283 P. 902.
Judicial notice of convention committee's report. — Court took judicial notice of fact that minority report of committee on legislative department at constitutional convention, proposing an initiative and referendum provision as a substitute for the language actually incorporated in the constitution, was rejected. State ex rel. Hughes v. Cleveland, 1943-NMSC-029, 47 N.M. 230, 141 P.2d 192.
Legislative declarations in classifying respected. — Unless patently untrue or absurd, legislative declarations in classifying for purposes of legislation will be respected by the courts. State ex rel. Hughes v. Cleveland, 1943-NMSC-029, 47 N.M. 230, 141 P.2d 192.
Duties of secretary of state in handling referendum petitions. — In checking signatures on a referendum petition, the secretary of state has authority only to reject typewritten, printed or incomplete names and has a duty to file the petitions as received within the time prescribed. 1949 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 49-5232.
Determination of whether signers of petition are genuine and duly qualified is a judicial function and not the duty of the secretary of state. 1937 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 37-1669.
Form of ballot. — The ballot for voting upon a referred act should bear the following instructions at the top: "Instructions to voters. If you desire to vote for the retention of the act, mark X in square opposite the words 'FOR APPROVAL OF THE ACT.' If you desire to vote against the retention of the act, mark X in the square opposite the words 'FOR REJECTION OF THE ACT.' " 1950 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 50-5315.
Power to enact statutes of limitation is legislative power, and the sovereign generally has the right to lay down any conditions, even if harsh or arbitrary, with which creditors must comply, as a condition of payment of their demands. 1958 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 58-05.
Full control over public revenue. — A state legislature has full control, not only over the levy of taxes but over the disposition of all public revenue; this power extends to such funds as are acquired by a political subdivision of the state, subject only to constitutional restrictions. 1957 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 57-219.
Legislature not bound to appropriation. — None of the actions taken by a local board of education, the board of educational finance, the voters in a local school district or the regents of the university of New Mexico can bind the legislature to an appropriation. 1980 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 80-03.
Delegation to outside agency impermissible. — A state legislature has no power to delegate any of its legislative powers to an outside agency. 1953 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 53-5645.
Adoption by reference to prospective federal legislation unconstitutional. — By the weight of authority, when an act adopts by reference future or prospective federal legislation, an unconstitutional delegation of legislative authority results. 1953 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 53-5645. See second paragraph of N.M. Const., art. IV, § 18, permitting reference to federal law for measure of taxes.
But adoption by reference to existing law valid. — A state does not invalidly delegate its legislative authority by adopting a law of the United States or another state, if such law is already in existence or operative. 1953 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 53-5645.
Authority in legislature to abolish or merge departments. — The legislature, having the power to create former departments of public health and of public welfare, was sole authority, absent constitutional amendment, authorized to abolish, merge or consolidate the two departments. 1954 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 54-5943.
Promulgation of collective bargaining rules by personnel board. — The words "among other things" at the beginning of 10-9-13 NMSA 1978 do not constitute a valid delegation of legislative power, authorizing the personnel board to promulgate rules allowing state employees to bargain collectively with state agencies, since the state constitution commits New Mexico to the doctrine of separation of powers and also vests the legislative powers in the legislature. It is fundamental that no one of the three branches can delegate effectively any of the powers which belong to it. 1987 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 87-41.
Even if the legislature could delegate its power to make law concerning public sector collective bargaining, and even if it intended to do so in the Personnel Act, it failed to do so properly, and the Rules for Labor-Management Relations (RLMR) promulgated by the personnel board are therefore void and a nullity, since the Personnel Act does not mention collective bargaining, much less any standards to guide the board in fashioning the RLMR. 1987 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 87-41.
Each house of legislature has full power to prescribe rules which it desires. 1954 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 53-5633.
Legislature by law can create investigating committee to investigate anything which concerns the legislature and which may by subject to legislation. 1955 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 55-6319.
Legislative committees to cease upon adjournment. — To allow a committee of one house of the legislature to function after adjournment of the body which created it would be allowing that house to pass a resolution having the effect of law, which power can only be exercised by the concurrence of both houses. 1959 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 59-65.
Effect of county calling voluntary referendum, absent authority. — In the absence of a constitutional reservation of the right of the people to hold referendum on county ordinances, and in the absence of a specific statutory authority requiring a referendum on ordinances, there is no authority for a county to call a voluntary referendum. Should such a referendum be held, it would not, regardless of its outcome, affect the adoption or validity of the ordinance. 1979 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 79-35.
Declarations by legislature unnecessary. — It is not necessary that a law expressly declare the relation if it is by its terms reasonably calculated to provide for one of the subjects exempted hereunder from popular referendum. 1965 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 65-67.
Ratification of amendment to federal constitution not referable. — A joint resolution ratifying a proposed amendment to the United States constitution is not a law to be submitted to the people. 1919 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 19-2304.
Valid relationship to police power sufficient for exemption. — All that is required to exempt a questioned law from popular referendum is that it bear a valid relationship to some permissible object for the exercise of the police power. State ex rel. Hughes v. Cleveland, 47 N.M. 230, 141 P.2d 192 (1943); see also, 1965 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 65-49.
Law need not be "necessary". — A law need only reasonably provide for one of three subjects of public peace, health or safety to be exempt from referendum; it does not have to be necessary for the preservation of one of these subjects. 1965 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 65-67.
Legislative declarations not necessarily followed. — A legislative declaration that a law provides for one of the subjects listed under this section as exempt from popular referendum is entitled to great respect, but is not necessarily binding on the courts. 1965 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 65-67.
Hospital care for indigents. — While Laws 1965, ch. 234, (27-5-1 NMSA 1978 et seq.) does not expressly declare that it provides for the public peace, health or safety, it reasonably provides for the public health by providing hospital care in that it encourages the treatment of indigents in the county; it is, therefore, exempt from referendum. 1965 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 65-67.
Fines. — Under N.M. Const., art. XII, § 4, all fines collected by the state go to the maintenance of the public schools, thus falling within the exemption provided in this section. 1955 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 55-6268.
Law not subject to referendum not suspended by petitions. — Laws 1933, ch. 171 (later repealed) was not subject to a referendum and was not suspended by filing of purported petitions for referendum as the act was necessary for the preservation of the public peace, health and safety, and the maintenance of the public schools. 1933 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 33-606.
Laws from last preceding section only referable. — This section specifically requires that any law which can be submitted to the electorate as a referendum measure must have been enacted at the last preceding legislative session; laws enacted in 1939 are no longer referable in 1965. 1965 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 65-49.
Meaning of percentage requirement. — The 40% total vote requirement in this section refers not to the votes cast on the proposition but to the total vote cast for the office of governor. 1964 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 64-137.
Laws in effect not suspended by referendum. — A referendum petition which is filed after the laws of a legislative session have gone into effect will not suspend the law. 1949 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 49-5220.
Annulment by referendum equivalent to legislative repeal. — In substance this section says that the effect of annulment of a law by referendum is the same as though it had been repealed by the legislature and such repeal shall revive any law repealed by the act so annulled. 1966 Op. Att'y Gen. No. 66-04.
Law reviews. — For article, "Rape Law: The Need For Reform," see 5 N.M. L. Rev. 279 (1975).
For article, "Separation of Powers and the Judicial Rule-Making Power in New Mexico: The Need for Prudential Restraints," see 15 N.M. L. Rev. 407 (1985).
Am. Jur. 2d, A.L.R. and C.J.S. references. — 16 Am. Jur. 2d Constitutional Law §§ 318 to 331, 335 to 359; 42 Am. Jur. 2d Initiative and Referendum §§ 3 to 20; 72 Am. Jur. 2d States, Territories and Dependencies §§ 35 to 61.
Encroachment of legislative department upon judiciary, 3 A.L.R. 450, 4 A.L.R. 1552, 5 A.L.R. 94, 9 A.L.R. 1341, 15 A.L.R. 331, 25 A.L.R. 1136, 27 A.L.R. 411, 29 A.L.R. 1287, 35 A.L.R. 460, 46 A.L.R. 1179, 65 A.L.R. 525, 66 A.L.R. 1466, 67 A.L.R. 1451, 74 A.L.R. 579, 77 A.L.R. 629, 78 A.L.R. 1323, 79 A.L.R. 323, 86 A.L.R. 179, 92 A.L.R. 1258, 97 A.L.R. 1333, 101 A.L.R. 1215, 106 A.L.R. 361, 107 A.L.R. 1431, 120 A.L.R. 316, 124 A.L.R. 751, 127 A.L.R. 868, 144 A.L.R. 150, 162 A.L.R. 495, 171 A.L.R. 1352.
Declaring an act an emergency without specifying that it shall not be subject to referendum, 7 A.L.R. 530.
Constitutional requirements as to legislation or constitutional requirements, applicability of, to statutes or constitutional amendments under initiative or referendum powers, 62 A.L.R. 1349.
Initiative statute as in effect constitutional amendment, 62 A.L.R. 1352.
Referendum of question of repeal of statute in absence of constitutional amendment, 76 A.L.R. 1062.
Judicial decisions relating to adoption or repeal of amendments to federal constitution, 83 A.L.R. 1374, 87 A.L.R. 1321, 122 A.L.R. 717.
Delegation to judiciary of power to regulate motor vehicles, 87 A.L.R. 546.
Inclusion in single initiative or referendum petition of proposed constitutional or statutory enactments covering different and distinct subjects, 90 A.L.R. 572.
Time within which officer must perform duty to pass upon sufficiency of initiative, referendum or recall petition, 102 A.L.R. 51.
Construction and application of constitutional or statutory requirement as to short title, ballot title or explanation of nature of proposal in initiative, referendum or recall petition, 106 A.L.R. 555.
Withdrawal of names from initiative or referendum petition, 126 A.L.R. 1031, 27 A.L.R.2d 604.
Basis for computing majority essential to the adoption of a constitutional or other special proposition submitted to voters, 131 A.L.R. 1382.
Adoption by or under authority of state statute without specific enactment or reenactment of prospective federal legislation or federal administrative rules as unconstitutional delegation of legislative power, 133 A.L.R. 401.
Exception of certain laws from referendum, construction and application of express constitutional or statutory provision for, 146 A.L.R. 284, 100 A.L.R.2d 314.
Delegating authority to county or municipal corporation to make violation of ordinance crime or to provide criminal punishment, 174 A.L.R. 1343.
Taxpayer's capacity to maintain suit to enjoin submission of initiative, referendum or recall measure to voters, 6 A.L.R.2d 557.
Injunctive relief against submission of constitutional amendment, statute, municipal charter or municipal ordinance, on ground that proposed action would be unconstitutional, 19 A.L.R.2d 519.
Power of legislative body to amend, repeal or abrogate initiative or referendum measure, or to enact measure defeated on referendum, 33 A.L.R.2d 1118.
Legislative power to prescribe qualifications for or conditions of eligibility to constitutional office, 34 A.L.R.2d 155.
Legislative power to exempt from taxation property, purposes or uses additional to those specified in constitution, 61 A.L.R.2d 1031.
Construction and application of constitutional or statutory provisions expressly excepting certain laws from referendum, 100 A.L.R.2d 314.
16 C.J.S. Constitutional Law §§ 113 to 168; 81A C.J.S. States § 40; 82 C.J.S. Statutes §§ 4, 117, 121.