The storage operator shall prepare, maintain, and comply with a testing and monitoring plan to verify that the geologic sequestration project is operating as permitted and is not endangering underground sources of drinking water. The requirement to maintain and implement a commission-approved plan is directly enforceable regardless of whether the requirement is a condition of the permit. The plan must be submitted with the storage facility permit application for commission approval and must include a description of how the storage operator will meet the requirements of this section, including accessing sites for all necessary monitoring and testing during the life of the project.

1. The testing and monitoring plan must include: a. Analysis of the carbon dioxide stream in compliance with applicable analytical methods and standards generally accepted by industry and with sufficient frequency to yield data representative of its chemical and physical characteristics;

b. Installation and use, except during well workovers, of continuous recording devices to monitor injection pressure, rate, and volume; the pressure on annulus between the tubing and the long string casing; and the annulus fluid volume added; c. Corrosion monitoring of the well materials for loss of mass, thickness, cracking, pitting, and other signs of corrosion, which must be performed on a quarterly basis to ensure that the well components meet the minimum standards for material strength and performance by:

(1) Analyzing coupons of the well construction materials placed in contact with the carbon dioxide stream; (2) Routing the carbon dioxide stream through a loop constructed with the material used in the well and inspecting the materials in the loop; or (3) Using an alternative method approved by the commission;

d. Periodic monitoring of the ground water quality and geochemical changes above the confining zone that may be a result of carbon dioxide movement through the confining zone or additional identified zones, including:

(1) The location and number of monitoring wells based on specific information about the geologic sequestration project, including injection rate and volume, geology, the presence of artificial penetrations, and other factors; and (2) The monitoring frequency and spatial distribution of monitoring wells based on baseline geochemical data and on any modeling results in the area of review evaluation;

e. A demonstration of external mechanical integrity at least once per year until the injection well is plugged; and, if required by the commission, a casing inspection log at a frequency established in the testing and monitoring plan;

f. A pressure fall-off test at least once every five years unless more frequent testing is required by the commission based on site-specific information; g. Testing and monitoring to track the extent of the carbon dioxide plume and the presence or absence of elevated pressure (e.g., the pressure front) by using:

(1) Direct methods in the injection zone; and (2) Indirect methods (e.g., seismic, electrical, gravity, interferometric synthetic aperture radar or electromagnetic surveys and down-hole carbon dioxide detection tools), unless the commission determines, based on site-specific geology, that such methods are not appropriate;

h. The commission may require surface air monitoring and soil gas monitoring to detect movement of carbon dioxide that could endanger an underground source of drinking water. Regarding these requirements:

(1) Design of surface air and soil gas monitoring must be based on potential risks to underground sources of drinking water within the area of review; (2) The monitoring frequency and spatial distribution of surface air monitoring and soil gas monitoring must be based on using baseline data, and the monitoring plan must describe how the proposed monitoring will yield useful information on the area of review; and

1. (3) Surface air monitoring and soil gas monitoring methods are subject to the commission's approval;
2. i. Any additional monitoring, as required by the commission, necessary to support, upgrade, and improve computational modeling of the area of review evaluation;
3. j. Periodic reviews of the testing and monitoring plan by the storage operator to incorporate monitoring data collected, operational data collected, and the most recent area of review reevaluation performed. The storage operator shall review the testing and monitoring plan at least once every five years. Based on this review, the storage operator shall submit an amended testing and monitoring plan or demonstrate to the commission that no amendment to the testing and monitoring plan is needed. Any amendments to the testing and monitoring plan are subject to the commission's approval, must be incorporated into the permit, and are subject to the permit modification requirements. Amended plans or demonstrations must be submitted to the commission as follows:
4. (1) Within one year of an area of review reevaluation;
5. (2) Following any significant changes to the facility, such as addition of monitoring wells or newly permitted injection wells within the area of review, on a schedule determined by the commission; or
6. (3) When required by the commission; and
7. k. A quality assurance and surveillance plan for all testing and monitoring requirements.2. Samples and measurements taken for the purpose of monitoring shall be representative of the monitored activity.3. Records of monitoring information shall include:- a. The date, exact place, and time of sampling or measurements;
8. b. The individual who performed the sampling or measurements;
9. c. The date analyses were performed;
10. d. The individual who performed the analyses;
11. e. The analytical techniques or methods used; and
12. f. The results of such analyses.4. All permits shall specify:- a. Requirements concerning the proper use, maintenance, and installation, when appropriate, of monitoring equipment or methods, including biological monitoring methods when appropriate;
13. b. Required monitoring, including type, intervals, and frequency sufficient to yield data, which are representative of the monitored activity, including when appropriate, continuous monitoring; and
14. c. Applicable reporting requirements based upon the impact of the regulated activity and as specified throughout this chapter. Reporting shall be no less frequent than specified in section 43-05-01-18.