Actual fraud, within the meaning of this part, consists in any of the following acts committed by a party to the contract or with the party's connivance with intent to deceive another party to the contract or to induce the other party to enter into the contract:

1. (1) the suggestion as a fact of that which is not true by one who does not believe it to be true;
2. (2) the positive assertion, in a manner not warranted by the information of the person making it, of that which is not true, though the person believes it to be true;
3. (3) the suppression of that which is true by one having knowledge or belief of the fact;
4. (4) a promise made without any intention of performing it; or
5. (5) any other act fitted to deceive.

History: En. Sec. 2117, Civ. C. 1895; re-en. Sec. 4978, Rev. C. 1907; re-en. Sec. 7480, R.C.M. 1921; Cal. Civ. C. Sec. 1572; Field Civ. C. Sec. 757; re-en. Sec. 7480, R.C.M. 1935; R.C.M. 1947, 13-308; amd. Sec. 774, Ch. 56, L. 2009.