1. (1) For purposes of science content standards contained in this subchapter, the following definitions apply:

   1. (a) "Crosscutting concepts" are those that connect learning across the different areas of disciplinary content. They are:

      1. (i) patterns;
      2. (ii) cause and effect;
      3. (iii) scale, proportion, and quantity;
      4. (iv) systems and system models;
      5. (v) energy and matter, flows, cycles, and conservation;
      6. (vi) structure and function; and
      7. (vii) stability and change.

   2. (b) "Science and engineering practices" are methods of inquiry by which ideas are developed and refined. They are:

      1. (i) asking questions as it applies to science and defining problems as it applies to engineering;
      2. (ii) developing and using models;
      3. (iii) planning and carrying out investigations;
      4. (iv) analyzing and interpreting data;
      5. (v) using mathematics and computational thinking;
      6. (vi) constructing explanations as it applies to science and designing solutions as it applies to engineering;
      7. (vii) engaging in argument from evidence; and
      8. (viii) obtaining, evaluating, and communicating information.

Authorizing statute(s): Mont. Const. Art. X, sec. 9, 20-2-114, MCA

Implementing statute(s): Mont. Const. Art. X, sec. 9, 20-2-121, 20-3-106, 20-7-101, MCA

History: NEW, 2016 MAR p. 1955, Eff. 7/1/17.