1. (a) Except as provided in subsection (b) of this section and subject to the provisions of subsection (d) of this section, a person who violates any provision of this subtitle or any rule or regulation adopted under this subtitle is subject to a civil penalty imposed in a civil action not exceeding $1,000 for each violation.

2. (b) A person who violates § 9.5-405(a) or (e) or § 9.5-416 of this subtitle and is served a civil citation under that section is subject to a civil penalty as follows:

   1. (1) $250 for the first violation;
   2. (2) $500 for the second violation; and
   3. (3) $1,000 for the third and each subsequent violation.
3. (c) Each day a violation occurs is a separate violation under this section.
4. (d) The total amount of civil penalties imposed in an action under this section may not exceed $5,000.

Added by Acts 1991, c. 136, § 1, eff. July 1, 1991. Amended by Acts 2016, c. 183, § 2, eff. Oct. 1, 2016; Acts 2016, c. 184, § 2, eff. Oct. 1, 2016. Transferred to Education § 9.5-418 by Acts 2016, c. 185, § 2, eff. June 1, 2016. Amended by Acts 2016, c. 8, § 5; Acts 2016, c. 185, § 4, eff. June 1, 2016.