(a) As used in this section, the following words shall have the following meanings unless the context clearly requires otherwise:

''Gender-affirming health care services'', all supplies, care and services of a medical, behavioral health, mental health, surgical, psychiatric, therapeutic, diagnostic, preventative, rehabilitative or supportive nature relating to the treatment of gender dysphoria.

''Abusive litigation'', litigation or other legal action to deter, prevent, sanction or punish any person engaging in legally-protected health care activity by: (i) filing or prosecuting any action in any state other than the commonwealth where liability, in whole or part, directly or indirectly, is based on legally-protected health care activity that occurred in the commonwealth, including any action in which liability is based on any theory of vicarious, joint or several liability derived therefrom; or (ii) attempting to enforce any order or judgment issued in connection with any such action by any party to the action or any person acting on behalf of a party to the action; provided, however, that a lawsuit shall be considered to be based on conduct that occurred in the commonwealth if any part of any act or omission involved in the course of conduct that forms the basis for liability in the lawsuit occurs or is initiated in the commonwealth, whether or not such act or omission is alleged or included in any pleading or other filing in the lawsuit.

''Legally-protected health care activity'', (i) the exercise and enjoyment, or attempted exercise and enjoyment, by any person of rights to reproductive health care services or gender-affirming health care services secured by the constitution or laws of the commonwealth or the provision of insurance coverage for such services; or (ii) any act or omission undertaken to aid or encourage, or attempt to aid or encourage, any person in the exercise and enjoyment, or attempted exercise and enjoyment, of rights to reproductive health care services or gender-affirming health care services secured by the constitution or laws of the commonwealth; provided, however, that the provision of such a health care service by a person duly licensed under the laws of the commonwealth and physically present in the commonwealth and the provision of insurance coverage for such services shall be legally protected if the service is permitted under the laws of the commonwealth, regardless of the patient's location; and provided further, that ''legally-protected health care activity'' shall not include any service rendered below an applicable professional standard of care or that would violate anti-discrimination laws of the commonwealth.

''Reproductive health care services'', all supplies, care and services of a medical, behavioral health, mental health, surgical, psychiatric, therapeutic, diagnostic, preventative, rehabilitative or supportive nature relating to pregnancy, contraception, assisted reproduction, miscarriage management or the termination of a pregnancy.

(d) If a person, including any plaintiff, prosecutor, attorney or law firm, whether or not acting under color of law, engages or attempts to engage in abusive litigation that infringes on, interferes with or attempts to infringe on or interfere with legally-protected health care activity, any aggrieved person, provider, carrier or other entity, including any defendant in such abusive litigation, may institute and prosecute a civil action for injunctive, monetary or other appropriate relief within 3 years after the cause of action accrues.

Any aggrieved person, provider, carrier or other entity, including any defendant in such abusive litigation, may move to modify or quash any subpoena issued in connection with such abusive litigation on the grounds that the subpoena is unreasonable, oppressive or inconsistent with the public policy of the commonwealth pursuant to the Massachusetts Rules of Civil Procedure.

If the court finds for the petitioner in an action authorized by this section, recovery shall be in the amount of actual damages, which shall include damages for the amount of any judgment issued in connection with any abusive litigation, and any and all other expenses, costs or reasonable attorney's fees incurred in connection with the abusive litigation.