The following acts constitute fouls in a contest or exhibition of mixed martial arts, the details of which default to the Association of Boxing Commissions' Unified Rules of MMA "FOULS":

1. (1) Butting with the head.
2. (2) Eye gouging of any kind.
3. (3) Biting.
4. (4) Hair pulling.
5. (5) Fishhooking.
6. (6) Groin attacks of any kind.
7. (7) Putting a finger into any orifice or into any cut or laceration on an opponent.
8. (8) Small joint manipulation.
9. (9) Striking to the spine or the back of the head.
10. (10) Striking downward using the point of the elbow.
11. (11) Throat strikes of any kind, including, without limitation, grabbing the trachea.
12. (12) Clawing, pinching or twisting the flesh.
13. (13) Kicking the head of a grounded opponent.
14. (14) Kneeing the head of a grounded opponent.
15. (15) Stomping a grounded opponent.
16. (16) Spiking an opponent to the canvas on his head or neck.
17. (17) Throwing an opponent out of the ring or fenced area.
18. (18) Holding the shorts or gloves of an opponent.
19. (19) Spitting at an opponent.
20. (20) Engaging in any unsportsmanlike conduct that causes an injury to an opponent.
21. (21) Holding the ropes or the fence.
22. (22) Using abusive language in the ring or fenced area.
23. (23) Attacking an opponent on or during the break.
24. (24) Attacking an opponent who is under the care of the referee.
25. (25) Attacking an opponent after the bell has sounded the end of the period of unarmed combat.
26. (26) Flagrantly disregarding the instructions of the referee.
27. (27) Timidity, including, without limitation, avoiding contact with an opponent, intentionally or consistently dropping the mouthpiece or faking an injury.
28. (28) Interference by the corner.

29. (29) For amateur contests only:

    1. (a) Elbowing;
    2. (b) Kneeing to the head while standing; and
    3. (c) Heel hooks.