1. A. After Sensationrefers to the abnormal persistence of a sensory perception, provoked by a stimulus even though the stimulus has ceased.

2. B. Allodyniapain due to a non-noxious stimulus that does not normally provoke pain.

   1. 1. Mechanical Allodyniarefers to the abnormal perception of pain from usually non-painful mechanical stimulation.
   2. 2. Static Mechanical Allodyniarefers to pain obtained by applying a single stimulus such as light pressure to a defined area.
   3. 3. Dynamic Mechanical Allodyniaobtained by moving the stimulus such as a brush or cotton tip across the abnormal hypersensitive area.
   4. 4. Thermal Allodyniarefers to the abnormal sensation of pain from usually non-painful thermal stimulation such as cold or warmth.
3. C. Central Painpain initiated or caused by a primary lesion or dysfunction in the central nervous system (CNS).
4. D. Central Sensitizationthe experience of pain evoked by the excitation of non-nociceptive neurons or of nerve fibers that normally relay non-painful sensations to the spinal cord. This result when non-nociceptive afferent neurons act on a sensitized CNS.
5. E. Dystoniastate of abnormal (hypo or hyper) tonicity in any of the tissues.
6. F. Hyperalgesiarefers to an exaggerated pain response from a usually painful stimulation.
7. G. Hyperemiapresence of increased blood in a part or organ.
8. H. Hyperesthesia (Positive Sensory Phenomenon)includes allodynia, hyperalgesia, and hyperpathia. Elicited by light touch, pin-prick, cold, warm vibration, joint position sensation or two-point discrimination, which is perceived as increased or more.
9. I. Hyperpathiarefers to an abnormally painful and exaggerated reaction to stimulus, especially to a repetitive stimulus, in a patient who perceives the stimulus as less intense because of an increased threshold.
10. J. Hypoesthesia (also hypesthesia)diminished sensitivity to stimulation.
11. K. Pain Behaviorthe nonverbal actions (such as grimacing, groaning, limping, using visible pain relieving or support devices and requisition of pain medications, among others) that are outward manifestations of pain, and through which a person may communicate that pain is being experienced.
12. L. Sudomotor Changesalteration in function of sweat glands; sweat output may increase or decrease due to changes in autonomic input to the gland.
13. M. Sympathetically Maintained Pain (SMP)a pain that is maintained by sympathetic efferent innervations or by circulating catecholalmines.
14. N. Trophic Changestissue alterations due to interruption of nerve or blood supply; may include changes in hair growth and texture of skin.
15. O. Vasomotor Changesalteration in regulation of dilation or constriction of blood vessels.

Authority Note

AUTHORITY NOTE: Promulgated in accordance with R.S. 23:1203.1.

Historical Note

HISTORICAL NOTE: Promulgated by the Louisiana Workforce Commission, Office of Workers Compensation Administration, LR 37:1718 (June 2011).