For the purposes of this chapter, unless the context specifically indicates otherwise:

"Aggravated circumstances" means the same as defined in section 587A-4.

"Child" means a person who is born alive and is less than eighteen years of age.

"Child abuse or neglect" means:

1. (1) The acts or omissions of any person who, or legal entity which, is in any manner or degree related to the child, is residing with the child, or is otherwise responsible for the child's care, that have resulted in the physical or psychological health or welfare of the child, who is under the age of eighteen, to be harmed, or to be subject to any reasonably foreseeable, substantial risk of being harmed. The acts or omissions are indicated for the purposes of reports by circumstances that include but are not limited to:

   1. (A) When the child exhibits evidence of:
   2. (i) Substantial or multiple skin bruising or any other internal bleeding;
   3. (ii) Any injury to skin causing substantial bleeding;
   4. (iii) Malnutrition;
   5. (iv) Failure to thrive;
   6. (v) Burn or burns;
   7. (vi) Poisoning;
   8. (vii) Fracture of any bone;
   9. (viii) Subdural hematoma;
   10. (ix) Soft tissue swelling;
   11. (x) Extreme pain;
   12. (xi) Extreme mental distress;
   13. (xii) Gross degradation; or

   14. (xiii) Death; and

       such injury is not justifiably explained, or when the history given concerning such condition or death is at variance with the degree or type of such condition or death, or circumstances indicate that such condition or death may not be the product of an accidental occurrence;

   15. (B) When the child has been the victim of sexual contact or conduct, including but not limited to sexual assault as defined in the Penal Code, molestation, sexual fondling, incest, or prostitution; obscene or pornographic photographing, filming, or depiction; or other similar forms of sexual exploitation, including but not limited to acts that constitute an offense pursuant to section 712-1202(1)(b);
   16. (C) When there exists injury to the psychological capacity of a child as is evidenced by an observable and substantial impairment in the child's ability to function;
   17. (D) When the child is not provided in a timely manner with adequate food, clothing, shelter, psychological care, physical care, medical care, or supervision;
   18. (E) When the child is provided with dangerous, harmful, or detrimental drugs as defined by section 712-1240; provided that this subparagraph shall not apply when such drugs are provided to the child pursuant to the direction or prescription of a practitioner, as defined in section 712-1240; or
   19. (F) When the child has been the victim of labor trafficking under chapter 707; or

2. (2) The acts or omissions of any person that have resulted in sex trafficking or severe forms of trafficking in persons; provided that no finding by the department pursuant to this chapter shall be used as conclusive evidence that a person has committed an offense under part VIII of chapter 707 or section 712-1202.

   "Department" means the department of human services.

   "Electronic medium" means any recording, synthetic media, magnetic disc memory, magnetic tape memory, compact disk, digital video disk, thumb drive, or any other data recording hardware or media used with a computer.

   "Harm" means the same as defined in section 587A-4.

   "Report" means the initial oral statement and, if required by section 350-1.1(c), the subsequent written account concerning the facts and circumstances which cause a person to have reason to believe that child abuse or neglect has occurred or that there exists a substantial risk that child abuse or neglect may occur in the reasonably foreseeable future.

   "Severe forms of trafficking in persons" has the same meaning as provided in title 22 United States Code Annotated section 7102.

   "Sex trafficking" has the same meaning as provided in title 22 United States Code Annotated section 7102.

   "Threatened harm" means the same as defined in section 587A-4.

[L 1982, c 77, §1; am L 1983, c 171, §5; am L 1987, c 204, §3 and c 339, §4; am L 1988, c 141, §29; am L 2013, c 246, §3; am L 2017, c 16, §2; am L 2020, c 35, §2; am L 2022, c 109, §10; am L 2024, c 147, §1]

Revision Note

Pursuant to §23G-15, in:

(1) Paragraphs (1) to (4) of the definition of "child abuse or neglect", "or" deleted; and

(2) The definition of "report", section "350-1.1(c)" substituted for "350-1.1(d)".