Fla. Stat. § 370.12 – Marine animals; regulation

(1) PROTECTION OF MARINE TURTLES.--
1. (a) This subsection may be cited as the "Marine Turtle Protection Act."
2. (b) The Legislature intends, pursuant to the provisions of this subsection, to ensure that the Department of Environmental Protection has the appropriate authority and resources to implement its responsibilities under the recovery plans of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service for the following species of marine turtle:
  1. Atlantic loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta caretta).
  2. Atlantic green turtle (Chelonis mydas mydas).
  3. Leatherback turtle (Dermochelys coriacea).
  4. Atlantic hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata imbricata).
  5. Atlantic ridley turtle (Lepidochelys kempi).
3. (c) 1. Unless otherwise provided by the federal Endangered Species Act or its implementing regulations, no person may take, possess, disturb, mutilate, destroy, cause to be destroyed, sell, offer for sale, transfer, molest, or harass any marine turtle or its nest or eggs at any time. For purposes of this subsection, "take" means an act which actually kills or injures marine turtles, and includes significant habitat modification or degradation that kills or injures marine turtles by significantly impairing essential behavioral patterns, such as breeding, feeding, or sheltering.
  2. Unless otherwise provided by the federal Endangered Species Act or its implementing regulations, no person, firm, or corporation may take, kill, disturb, mutilate, molest, harass, or destroy any marine turtle.
  3. No person, firm, or corporation may possess any marine turtle or parts thereof unless it is in possession of a special permit or loan agreement from the department enabling the holder to possess a marine turtle or parts thereof for scientific, educational, or exhibitional purposes.
4. (d) Any application for a department permit or other type of approval for an activity that affects marine turtles or their nests or habitat shall be subject to conditions and requirements for marine turtle protection as part of the permitting or approval process.
5. (e) The department may condition the nature, timing, and sequence of construction of permitted activities to provide protection to nesting marine turtles and hatchlings and their habitat pursuant to the provisions of s. 161.053(5). When the department is considering a permit for a beach restoration, beach renourishment, or inlet sand transfer project and the applicant has had an active marine turtle nest relocation program or the applicant has agreed to and has the ability to administer a program, the department must not restrict the timing of the project. Where appropriate, the department shall require as a condition of the permit that the applicant relocate and monitor all turtle nests that would be affected by the beach restoration, beach renourishment, or sand transfer activities. Such relocation and monitoring activities shall be conducted in a manner that ensures successful hatching. This limitation on the department's authority applies only on the Atlantic coast of Florida.
6. (f) The department shall recommend denial of a permit application if the activity would result in a "take" as defined in this subsection, unless, as provided for in the federal Endangered Species Act and its implementing regulations, such taking is incidental to, and not the purpose of, the carrying out of an otherwise lawful activity.
7. (g) The department shall give special consideration to beach preservation and beach nourishment projects that restore habitat of endangered marine turtle species. Nest relocation shall be considered for all such projects in urbanized areas. When an applicant for a beach restoration, beach renourishment, or inlet sand transfer project has had an active marine turtle nest relocation program or the applicant has agreed to have and has the ability to administer a program, the department in issuing a permit for a project must not restrict the timing of the project. Where appropriate, the department shall require as a condition of the permit that the applicant relocate and monitor all turtle nests that would be affected by the beach restoration, beach renourishment, or sand transfer activities. Such relocation and monitoring activities shall be conducted in a manner that ensures successful hatching. This limitation on the department's authority applies only on the Atlantic coast of Florida.
8. (h) The department shall provide grants to coastal local governments, educational institutions, and Florida-based nonprofit organizations to conduct marine turtle research, conservation, and education activities within the state. The department shall adopt by rule procedures for submitting grant applications and criteria for allocating available funds. The criteria must include the scope of the proposed activity, the relevance of the proposed activity to the recovery plans for marine turtles, the demand and public support for the proposed activity, the duration of the proposed activity, the availability of alternative funding, and the estimated cost of the activity. The secretary of the department shall appoint a committee of at least five members, including at least two nongovernmental representatives, to consider and choose grant recipients from proposals submitted by eligible entities. Committee members shall not receive any compensation from the department.
(2) PROTECTION OF MANATEES OR SEA COWS.--
1. (a) This subsection shall be known and may be cited as the "Florida Manatee Sanctuary Act."
2. (b) The State of Florida is hereby declared to be a refuge and sanctuary for the manatee, the "Florida state marine mammal."
3. (c) Whenever the department is satisfied that the interest of science will be subserved, and that the application for a permit to possess a manatee or sea cow (Trichechus manatus) is for a scientific or propagational purpose and should be granted, and after concurrence by the United States Department of the Interior, the Division of Marine Resources may grant to any person making such application a special permit to possess a manatee or sea cow, which permit shall specify the exact number which shall be maintained in captivity.
4. (d) Except as may be authorized by the terms of a valid state permit issued pursuant to paragraph (c) or by the terms of a valid federal permit, it is unlawful for any person at any time, by any means, or in any manner intentionally or negligently to annoy, molest, harass, or disturb or attempt to molest, harass, or disturb any manatee; injure or harm or attempt to injure or harm any manatee; capture or collect or attempt to capture or collect any manatee; pursue, hunt, wound, or kill or attempt to pursue, hunt, wound, or kill any manatee; or possess, literally or constructively, any manatee or any part of any manatee.
5. (e) Any gun, net, trap, spear, harpoon, boat of any kind, aircraft, automobile of any kind, other motorized vehicle, chemical, explosive, electrical equipment, scuba or other subaquatic gear, or other instrument, device, or apparatus of any kind or description used in violation of any provision of paragraph (d) may be forfeited upon conviction. The foregoing provisions relating to seizure and forfeiture of vehicles, vessels, equipment, or supplies do not apply when such vehicles, vessels, equipment, or supplies are owned by, or titled in the name of, innocent parties; and such provisions shall not vitiate any valid lien, retain title contract, or chattel mortgage on such vehicles, vessels, equipment, or supplies if such lien, retain title contract, or chattel mortgage is property of public record at the time of the seizure.
6. (f) In order to protect manatees or sea cows from harmful collisions with motorboats or from harassment, the Department of Environmental Protection shall adopt rules under chapter 120 regarding the expansion of existing, or construction of new, marine facilities and mooring or docking slips, by the addition or construction of five or more powerboat slips, and regulating the operation and speed of motorboat traffic, only where manatee sightings are frequent and it can be generally assumed, based on available scientific information, that they inhabit these areas on a regular or continuous basis:
  1. In Lee County: the entire Orange River, including the Tice Florida Power and Light Corporation discharge canal and adjoining waters of the Caloosahatchee River within 1 mile of the confluence of the Orange and Caloosahatchee Rivers.
  2. In Brevard County: those portions of the Indian River within three-fourths of a mile of the Orlando Utilities Commission Delespine power plant effluent and the Florida Power and Light Frontenac power plant effluents.
  3. In Indian River County: the discharge canals of the Vero Beach Municipal Power Plant and connecting waters within 11/4 miles thereof.
  4. In St. Lucie County: the discharge of the Henry D. King Municipal Electric Station and connecting waters within 1 mile thereof.
  5. In Palm Beach County: the discharges of the Florida Power and Light Riviera Beach power plant and connecting waters within 11/2 miles thereof.
  6. In Broward County: the discharge canal of the Florida Power and Light Port Everglades power plant and connecting waters within 11/2 miles thereof and the discharge canal of the Florida Power and Light Fort Lauderdale power plant and connecting waters within 2 miles thereof. For purposes of ensuring the physical safety of boaters in a sometimes turbulent area, the area from the easternmost edge of the authorized navigation project of the intracoastal waterway east through the Port Everglades Inlet is excluded from this regulatory zone.
  7. In Citrus County: headwaters of the Crystal River, commonly referred to as King's Bay, and the Homosassa River.
  8. In Volusia County: Blue Springs Run and connecting waters of the St. Johns River within 1 mile of the confluence of Blue Springs and the St. Johns River; and Thompson Creek, Strickland Creek, Dodson Creek, and the Tomoka River.
  9. In Hillsborough County: that portion of the Alafia River from the main shipping channel in Tampa Bay to U.S. Highway 41.
  10. In Sarasota County: the Venice Inlet and connecting waters within 1 mile thereof, including Lyons Bay, Donna Bay, Roberts Bay, and Hatchett Creek, excluding the waters of the intracoastal waterway and the right-of-way bordering the centerline of the intracoastal waterway.
  11. In Collier County: within the Port of Islands, within section 9, township 52 south, range 28 east, and certain unsurveyed lands, all east-west canals and the north-south canals to the southerly extent of the intersecting east-west canals which lie southerly of the centerline of U.S. Highway 41.
  12. In Manatee County: that portion of the Manatee River east of the west line of section 17, range 19 east, township 34 south; the Braden River south of the north line and east of the west line of section 29, range 18 east, township 34 south; Terra Ceia Bay and River, east of the west line of sections 26 and 35 of range 17 east, township 33 south, and east of the west line of section 2, range 17 east, township 34 south; and Bishop Harbor east of the west line of section 13, range 17 east, township 33 south.
  13. In Dade County: those portions of Black Creek lying south and east of the water control dam, including all boat basins and connecting canals within 1 mile of the dam.
7. (g) The Department of Environmental Protection shall adopt rules regulating the operation and speed of motorboat traffic only where manatee sightings are frequent and it can be generally assumed that they inhabit these areas on a regular or continuous basis within that portion of the Indian River between the St. Lucie Inlet in Martin County and the Jupiter Inlet in Palm Beach County. In addition, the department shall adopt rules regulating the operation and speed of motorboat traffic only where manatee sightings are frequent and it can be generally assumed that they inhabit these areas on a regular or continuous basis within the Loxahatchee River in Palm Beach and Martin Counties, including the north and southwest forks thereof. A limited lane or corridor providing for reasonable motorboat speeds may be identified and designated within this area.
8. (h) The department shall adopt rules regulating the operation and speed of motorboat traffic only where manatee sightings are frequent and it can be generally assumed that they inhabit these areas on a regular or continuous basis within the Withlacoochee River and its tributaries in Citrus and Levy Counties. The specific areas to be regulated include the Withlacoochee River and the U.S. 19 bridge westward to a line between U.S. Coast Guard markers number 33 and number 34 at the mouth of the river, including all side channels and coves along that portion of the river; Bennets' Creek from its beginning to its confluence with the Withlacoochee River; Bird's Creek from its beginning to its confluence with the Withlacoochee River; and the two dredged canal systems on the north side of the Withlacoochee River southwest of Yankeetown. A limited lane or corridor providing for reasonable motorboat speeds may be identified and designated within this area.
9. (i) If any new power plant is constructed or other source of warm water discharge is discovered within the state which attracts a concentration of manatees or sea cows, the Department of Environmental Protection is directed to adopt rules regulating the operation and speed of motorboat traffic within the area of such discharge. Such rules shall designate a zone which is sufficient in size, and which shall remain in effect for a sufficient period of time, to protect the manatees or sea cows.
10. (j) It is the intent of the Legislature through adoption of this paragraph to allow the Department of Environmental Protection to post and regulate boat speeds only where manatee sightings are frequent and it can be generally assumed that they inhabit these areas on a regular or continuous basis. It is not the intent of the Legislature to permit the department to post and regulate boat speeds generally in the above-described inlets, bays, rivers, creeks, thereby unduly interfering with the rights of fishers, boaters, and water skiers using the areas for recreational and commercial purposes. Limited lanes or corridors providing for reasonable motorboat speeds may be identified and designated within these areas.
11. (k) The department shall adopt rules regulating the operation and speed of motorboat traffic all year around within Turkey Creek and its tributaries and within Manatee Cove in Brevard County. The specific areas to be regulated consist of:
  1. A body of water which starts at Melbourne-Tillman Drainage District structure MS-1, section 35, township 28 south, range 37 east, running east to include all natural waters and tributaries of Turkey Creek, section 26, township 28 south, range 37 east, to the confluence of Turkey Creek and the Indian River, section 24, township 28 south, range 37 east, including all lagoon waters of the Indian River bordered on the west by Palm Bay Point, the north by Castaway Point, the east by the four immediate spoil islands, and the south by Cape Malabar, thence northward along the shoreline of the Indian River to Palm Bay Point.
  2. A triangle-shaped body of water forming a cove (commonly referred to as Manatee Cove) on the east side of the Banana River, with northern boundaries beginning and running parallel to the east-west cement bulkhead located 870 feet south of SR 520 Relief Bridge in Cocoa Beach and with western boundaries running in line with the City of Cocoa Beach channel markers 121 and 127 and all waters east of these boundaries in section 34, township 24 south, range 37 east; the center coordinates of this cove are 28°20'14" north, 80°35'17" west.
12. (l) The Legislature recognizes that, while the manatee or sea cow is designated a marine mammal by federal law, many of the warm water wintering areas are in freshwater springs and rivers which are under the primary state law enforcement jurisdiction of the Florida Game and Fresh Water Fish Commission. The law enforcement provisions of this section shall be carried out jointly by the department and the commission, with the department serving as the lead agency. The specific areas of jurisdictional responsibility are to be established between the department and the commission by interagency agreement.
13. (m) The department shall promulgate regulations relating to the operation and speed of motor boat traffic in port waters with due regard to the safety requirements of such traffic and the navigational hazards related to the movement of commercial vessels.
14. (n) The department may designate by rule other portions of state waters where manatees are frequently sighted and it can be assumed that manatees inhabit such waters periodically or continuously. Upon designation of such waters, the department shall adopt rules to regulate motorboat speed and operation which are necessary to protect manatees from harmful collisions with motorboats and from harassment. The department may adopt rules to protect manatee habitat, such as seagrass beds, within such waters from destruction by boats or other human activity. Such rules shall not protect noxious aquatic plants subject to control under s. 369.20.
15. (o) The department may designate, by rule, limited areas as a safe haven for manatees to rest, feed, reproduce, give birth, or nurse undisturbed by human activity. Access by motor boat to private residences, boat houses, and boat docks through these areas by residents, and their authorized guests, who must cross one of these areas to have water access to their property is permitted when the motorboat is operated at idle speed, no wake.
16. (p) Except in the marked navigation channel of the Florida Intracoastal Waterway as defined in s. 327.02 and the area within 100 feet of such channel, a local government may regulate, by ordinance, motorboat speed and operation on waters within its jurisdiction where manatees are frequently sighted and can be generally assumed to inhabit periodically or continuously. However, such an ordinance may not take effect until it has been reviewed and approved by the department. If the department and a local government disagree on the provisions of an ordinance, a local manatee protection committee must be formed to review the technical data of the department and the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and to resolve conflicts regarding the ordinance. The manatee protection committee must be comprised of:
  1. A representative of the department;
  2. A representative of the county;
  3. A representative of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service;
  4. A representative of a local marine-related business;
  5. A representative of the Save the Manatee Club;
  6. A local fisher;
  7. An affected property owner; and
  8. A representative of the Florida Marine Patrol. If local and state regulations are established for the same area, the more restrictive regulation shall prevail.
17. (q) The department shall evaluate the need for use of fenders to prevent crushing of manatees between vessels (100' or larger) and bulkheads or wharves in counties where manatees have been crushed by such vessels. For areas in counties where evidence indicates that manatees have been crushed between vessels and bulkheads or wharves, the department shall:
  1. Adopt rules requiring use of fenders for construction of future bulkheads or wharves; and
  2. Implement a plan and time schedule to require retrofitting of existing bulkheads or wharves consistent with port bulkhead or wharf repair or replacement schedules. The fenders shall provide sufficient standoff from the bulkhead or wharf under maximum operational compression to ensure that manatees cannot be crushed between the vessel and the bulkhead or wharf.
18. (r) Any violation of a restricted area established by this subsection, or established by rule or ordinance pursuant to this subsection, shall be considered a violation of the boating laws of this state and shall be charged on a uniform boating citation as provided in s. 327.74, except as otherwise provided in paragraph (s). Any person who refuses to post a bond or accept and sign a uniform boating citation shall, as provided in s. 327.73(3), be guilty of a misdemeanor of the second degree, punishable as provided in s. 775.082 or s. 775.083.
19. (s) Except as otherwise provided in this paragraph, any person violating the provisions of this subsection or any rule or ordinance adopted pursuant to this subsection shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable as provided in s. 370.021(2)(a) or (b).
  1. Any person operating a vessel in excess of a posted speed limit shall be guilty of a civil infraction, punishable as provided in s. 327.73, except as provided in subparagraph 2.
  2. This paragraph does not apply to persons violating restrictions governing "No Entry" zones or "Motorboat Prohibited" zones, who, if convicted, shall be guilty of a misdemeanor, punishable as provided in s. 370.021(2)(a) or (b), or, if such violation demonstrates blatant or willful action, may be found guilty of harassment as described in paragraph (d).
(3) PROTECTION OF MAMMALIAN DOLPHINS (PORPOISES).--
1. (a) It is unlawful to catch, attempt to catch, molest, injure, kill, or annoy, or otherwise interfere with the normal activity and well-being of, mammalian dolphins (porpoises), except as hereinafter provided.
2. (b) Any person, firm, or corporation desiring to take one or more mammalian dolphins from the waters of this state for scientific, educational, or exhibitional purposes shall apply for a permit to the Division of Marine Resources. Upon determining that the interests of science or education will be served thereby, the division may issue a permit specifying the number of mammalian dolphins to be taken.
3. (c) Any person, firm, or corporation desiring to hold one or more mammalian dolphins in captivity shall provide and maintain facilities which meet the requirements of the division.
4. (d) No mammalian dolphin shall be shipped within or outside the state without a special permit from the division, which may require such information as it deems necessary relative to the adequacy of holding facilities of the recipients; and a permit for such shipment may be granted only when the division determines the facilities are adequate.
5. (e) Notwithstanding the other provisions of this section, it is unlawful to capture at any time any nursing female mammalian dolphin or her calf, or both.
(4) PROTECTION OF MANTA RAYS.--It is unlawful for any person, firm, or corporation intentionally to destroy a manta ray.
(5) ANNUAL FUNDING OF PROGRAMS FOR MARINE ANIMALS.--
1. (a) Each fiscal year the Save the Manatee Trust Fund shall be available to fund an impartial scientific benchmark census of the manatee population in the state. Weather permitting, the study shall be conducted annually by the Department of Environmental Protection and the results shall be made available to the President of the Senate, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the Governor and Cabinet for use in the evaluation and development of manatee protection measures. In addition, the Save the Manatee Trust Fund shall be available for annual funding of activities of public and private organizations and those of the department intended to provide manatee and marine mammal protection and recovery effort; manufacture and erection of informational and regulatory signs; production, publication, and distribution of educational materials; participation in manatee and marine mammal research programs, including carcass salvage and other programs; programs intended to assist the recovery of the manatee as an endangered species, assist the recovery of the endangered or threatened marine mammals, and prevent the endangerment of other species of marine mammals; and other similar programs intended to protect and enhance the recovery of the manatee and other species of marine mammals. The department shall annually solicit advisory recommendations from the Save the Manatee Committee affiliated with the Save the Manatee Club, as identified and recognized in Executive Order 85-19, on the use of funds from the Save the Manatee Trust Fund.
2. (b) Each fiscal year moneys in the Save the Manatee Trust Fund shall also be used, pursuant to s. 327.28(1)(b), to reimburse the cost of activities related to manatee rehabilitation by facilities that rescue, rehabilitate, and release manatees as authorized pursuant to the Fish and Wildlife Service of the United States Department of the Interior. Such facilities must be involved in the actual rescue and full-time acute care veterinarian-based rehabilitation of manatees. The cost of activities includes, but is not limited to, costs associated with expansion, capital outlay, repair, maintenance, and operations related to the rescue, treatment, stabilization, maintenance, release, and monitoring of manatees. Moneys distributed through contractual agreement to each facility for manatee rehabilitation shall be proportionate to the number of manatees under acute care rehabilitation and those released during the previous fiscal year. However, the reimbursement may not exceed the total amount available pursuant to ss. ¹327.25(7) and 327.28(1)(b) for the purposes provided in this paragraph. Prior to receiving reimbursement for the expenses of rescue, rehabilitation, and release, a facility that qualifies under state and federal regulations shall submit a plan to the Department of Environmental Protection for assisting the department and the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles in marketing the manatee specialty license plates. At a minimum, the plan shall include provisions for graphics, dissemination of brochures, recorded oral and visual presentation, and maintenance of a marketing exhibit. The plan shall be updated annually and the Department of Environmental Protection shall inspect each marketing exhibit at least once each year to ensure the quality of the exhibit and promotional material. Each facility that receives funds for manatee rehabilitation shall annually provide the department a written report, within 30 days after the close of the state fiscal year, documenting the efforts and effectiveness of the facility's promotional activities.
3. (c) By December 1 each year, the Department of Environmental Protection shall provide the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives a written report, enumerating the amounts and purposes for which all proceeds in the Save the Manatee Trust Fund for the previous fiscal year are expended, in a manner consistent with those recovery tasks enumerated within the manatee recovery plan as required by the Endangered Species Act.
4. (d) When the federal and state governments remove the manatee from status as an endangered or threatened species, the annual allocation may be reduced.
  ¹Note.--Redesignated as s. 327.25(11) by s. 54, ch. 95-333.

History.--s. 2, ch. 28145, 1953; ss. 1, 2, ch. 57-771; s. 1, ch. 59-483; s. 1, ch. 67-2198; ss. 25, 35, ch. 69-106; s. 1, ch. 70-48; s. 1, ch. 70-357; s. 1, ch. 71-120; s. 289, ch. 71-136; ss. 1, 1A, ch. 71-145; s. 1, ch. 74-20; s. 1, ch. 77-174; s. 1, ch. 78-252; s. 79, ch. 79-164; s. 6, ch. 81-228; ss. 1, 2, ch. 82-170; s. 1, ch. 83-81; s. 68, ch. 84-338; s. 10, ch. 85-234; s. 7, ch. 89-168; s. 1, ch. 89-314; s. 5, ch. 90-219; s. 3, ch. 91-199; s. 2, ch. 91-215; s. 1, ch. 93-83; s. 1, ch. 93-254; s. 226, ch. 94-356; s. 991, ch. 95-148; s. 1, ch. 95-248; s. 31, ch. 96-321; s. 3, ch. 97-272.