A railroad may not place or continue in service a car, if—

1. (a) An axle on the car has a crack or is broken;

2. (b) An axle on the car has a gouge in the surface that is—

   1. (1) Between the wheel seats; and
   2. (2) More than one-eighth inch in depth;
3. (c) An axle on the car, used in conjunction with a plain bearing, has an end collar that is broken or cracked;
4. (d) A journal on the car shows evidence of overheating, as evidenced by a pronounced blue black discoloration; or

5. (e) The surface of the plain bearing journal on the axle, or the fillet on the axle, has—

   1. (1) A ridge;
   2. (2) A depression;
   3. (3) A circumferential score;
   4. (4) Corrugation;
   5. (5) A scratch;
   6. (6) A continuous streak;
   7. (7) Pitting;
   8. (8) Rust; or
   9. (9) Etching.