43 C.F.R. § 4.127 – Evidence.

(a) Admissibility and exclusion of evidence. The ALJ has the authority to admit or exclude evidence. The Federal Rules of Evidence, while not directly applicable to hearings conducted under this subpart, may be used as guidance by the ALJ. The ALJ will exclude evidence that is irrelevant, immaterial, or unduly repetitious.
(b) Oral testimony. All oral testimony must be under oath or affirmation. Witnesses will be subject to cross-examination by any other party, and the ALJ may question any witness during the hearing.
(c) Objections. Any objections to the admission of evidence or testimony must concisely state the grounds for the objection. Oral rulings on objections will be made on the record and included in the transcript of the hearing. When the ALJ sustains an objection to the admission of evidence, the affected party may preserve the issue for appeal by making an offer of proof on the record showing what the party expected to establish by the testimony or evidence. Any adverse party may then make an offer of proof in rebuttal on the record.
(d) Stipulations. The parties may stipulate to any relevant factual matters. When received into evidence, stipulations will be binding on the parties with respect to the matters stipulated. Oral stipulations may be made on the record at hearing and written stipulations may be received into evidence as exhibits. The parties are encouraged to agree to stipulations of fact whenever possible.
(e) Depositions. A deposition will not become part of the hearing record unless it has been received into evidence, in whole or in part, as an exhibit by the ALJ.
1. (1) Requirements. A party may only use a deposition against a party who:
  1. (i) Was present or represented at the taking of the deposition; or
  2. (ii) Had reasonable notice of the taking of the deposition.
2. (2) Exclusion. The ALJ will exclude from evidence any question and response to which an objection:
  1. (i) Was noted at the taking of the deposition; and
  2. (ii) Would have been sustained if the witness had been personally present and testifying at the hearing.
3. (3) Completeness. If a party offers only part of a deposition in evidence, another party to the proceeding may request that the party be required to include any other part of the deposition that ought in fairness be considered with the part introduced.
4. (4) Written and video depositions. A deposition admitted into evidence, in whole or in part, must include a certified written transcript, but the ALJ may, in appropriate circumstances, permit relevant portions of a video deposition to be played at hearing and transcribed into the hearing record by the reporter.