(a) Beginning on or after March 25, 2011, States must collect the applicable application fee prior to executing a provider agreement from a prospective or re-enrolling provider other than either of the following:

1. (1) Individual physicians or nonphysician practitioners.

2. (2)

   1. (i) Providers who are enrolled in either of the following:

      1. (A) Title XVIII of the Act.
      2. (B) Another State's title XIX or XXI plan.

   2. (ii) Providers that have paid the applicable application fee to—

      1. (A) A Medicare contractor; or
      2. (B) Another State.