For each quality of care and cost measure, a standardized score is calculated for each group and solo practitioner subject to the value-based payment modifier by dividing—

1. (a) The difference between their performance rate and the benchmark, by
2. (b) The measure's standard deviation.

[77 FR 69368, Nov. 16, 2012, as amended at 79 FR 68007, Nov. 13, 2014]