Sections 157.27, 157.29, 157.37, and 157.39 do not apply to a tank vessel that discharges into the sea oil or oily mixtures:

1. (a) For the purpose of securing the safety of the vessel or for saving life at sea; or

2. (b) As a result of damage to the vessel or its equipment if:

   1. (1) Reasonable precautions are taken after the occurrence of the damage or discovery of the discharge for the purpose of preventing or minimizing the discharge; and
   2. (2) The owner, master or person in charge did not intend to cause damage, or did not act recklessly and with knowledge that damage of the environment would probably result.