1. (a) As used in this part, except where the text provides otherwise—

   1. (1) Attorney means any person who is a member in good standing of the bar of the highest court of any state, territory, or possession of the United States, including a Commonwealth, or the District of Columbia.
   2. (2) Certified public accountant means any person who is duly qualified to practice as a certified public accountant in any state, territory, or possession of the United States, including a Commonwealth, or the District of Columbia.
   3. (3) Commissioner refers to the Commissioner of Internal Revenue.
   4. (4) Practice before the Internal Revenue Service comprehends all matters connected with a presentation to the Internal Revenue Service or any of its officers or employees relating to a taxpayer's rights, privileges, or liabilities under laws or regulations administered by the Internal Revenue Service. Such presentations include, but are not limited to, preparing documents; filing documents; corresponding and communicating with the Internal Revenue Service; rendering written advice with respect to any entity, transaction, plan or arrangement, or other plan or arrangement having a potential for tax avoidance or evasion; and representing a client at conferences, hearings, and meetings.
   5. (5) Practitioner means any individual described in paragraphs (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), or (f) of § 10.3.
   6. (6) A tax return includes an amended tax return and a claim for refund.
   7. (7) Service means the Internal Revenue Service.
   8. (8) Tax return preparer means any individual within the meaning of section 7701(a)(36) and 26 CFR 301.7701-15.
2. (b) Effective/applicability date. This section is applicable beginning August 2, 2011.

[T.D. 9359, 72 FR 54544, Sept. 26, 2007, as amended by T.D. 9527, 76 FR 32300, June 3, 2011]