21 C.F.R. § 12.120 – Initial decision.

(a) The presiding officer shall prepare and file an initial decision as soon as possible after the filing of briefs and oral argument.
(b) The initial decision must contain—
1. (1) Findings of fact based issued upon relevant, material, and reliable evidence of record;
2. (2) Conclusions of law;
3. (3) A discussion of the reasons for the findings and conclusions, including a discussion of the significant contentions made by any participant;
4. (4) Citations to the record supporting the findings and conclusions;
5. (5) An appropriate regulation or order supported by substantial evidence of record and based upon the findings of fact and conclusions of law; and
6. (6) An effective date for the regulation or order.
(c) The initial decision must refrain from disclosing specific details of matters specified in § 10.20(j)(2)(i) (a) and (b), except as specifically authorized in a protective order issued pursuant to § 10.20(j)(3).
(d) The initial decision is to be filed with the Dockets Management Staff and served upon all participants. Once the initial decision is filed with the Dockets Management Staff, the presiding officer has no further jurisdiction over the matter, and any motions or requests filed with the Dockets Management Staff will be decided by the Commissioner.
(e) The initial decision becomes the final decision of the Commissioner by operation of law unless a participant files exceptions with the Dockets Management Staff under § 12.125(a) or the Commissioner files a notice of review under § 12.125(f).
(f) Notice that an initial decision has become the decision of the Commissioner without appeal to or review by the Commissioner will be published in the Federal Register, or the Commissioner may publish the decision when it is of widespread interest.