No person may operate a land aircraft carrying passengers over water unless—

1. (a) It is operated at an altitude that allows it to reach land in the case of engine failure;
2. (b) It is necessary for takeoff or landing;
3. (c) It is a multiengine aircraft operated at a weight that will allow it to climb, with the critical engine inoperative, at least 50 feet a minute, at an altitude of 1,000 feet above the surface; or
4. (d) It is a helicopter equipped with helicopter flotation devices.