(b) For purposes of this section, the following terms have the following definitions:

1. (1) “Emissions reporting organization” means a nonprofit emissions reporting organization contracted by the state board pursuant to paragraph (3) of subdivision (c) that both:

   1. (A) Currently operates a greenhouse gas emissions reporting organization for organizations operating in the United States.
   2. (B) Has experience with greenhouse gas emissions disclosure by entities operating in California.
2. (2) “Reporting entity” means a partnership, corporation, limited liability company, or other business entity formed under the laws of this state, the laws of any other state of the United States or the District of Columbia, or under an act of the Congress of the United States with total annual revenues in excess of one billion dollars ($1,000,000,000) and that does business in California. Applicability shall be determined based on the reporting entity’s revenue for the prior fiscal year.
3. (3) “Scope 1 emissions” means all direct greenhouse gas emissions that stem from sources that a reporting entity owns or directly controls, regardless of location, including, but not limited to, fuel combustion activities.
4. (4) “Scope 2 emissions” means indirect greenhouse gas emissions from consumed electricity, steam, heating, or cooling purchased or acquired by a reporting entity, regardless of location.
5. (5) “Scope 3 emissions” means indirect upstream and downstream greenhouse gas emissions, other than scope 2 emissions, from sources that the reporting entity does not own or directly control and may include, but are not limited to, purchased goods and services, business travel, employee commutes, and processing and use of sold products.

(c)

1. (1) On or before July 1, 2025, the state board shall develop and adopt regulations to require a reporting entity to annually disclose all of the reporting entity’s scope 1 emissions, scope 2 emissions, and scope 3 emissions, and obtain an assurance engagement performed by an independent third-party assurance provider. Those regulations shall require the reporting entity to make the annual disclosure to either of the following:

   1. (A) The emissions reporting organization, if contracted for services.
   2. (B) The state board.

2. (2) The state board shall ensure that the regulations adopted pursuant to this subdivision require all of the following:

   1. (A)

      1. (i)

         1. (I) That a reporting entity, starting in 2026 on or by a date to be determined by the state board, and annually thereafter on or by that date, publicly disclose to the emissions reporting organization, if contracted for services, or the state board, all of the reporting entity’s scope 1 emissions and scope 2 emissions for the reporting entity’s prior fiscal year.
         2. (II) That a reporting entity, starting in 2027 and annually thereafter, publicly disclose its scope 3 emissions on a schedule specified by the state board as part of the regulations developed pursuant to this subdivision for the prior fiscal year.
      2. (ii) A reporting entity shall, beginning in 2026, measure and report its emissions of greenhouse gases in conformance with the Greenhouse Gas Protocol standards and guidance, including the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Accounting and Reporting Standard and the Greenhouse Gas Protocol Corporate Value Chain (Scope 3) Accounting and Reporting Standard developed by the World Resources Institute and the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, including guidance for scope 3 emissions calculations that detail acceptable use of both primary and secondary data sources, including the use of industry average data, proxy data, and other generic data in its scope 3 emissions calculations.
      3. (iii) Reports may be consolidated at the parent company level. If a subsidiary of a parent company qualifies as a reporting entity pursuant to paragraph (2) of subdivision (b), the subsidiary is not required to prepare a separate report.

      4. (iv)

         1. (I) Starting in 2033, the state board may survey and assess currently available greenhouse gas accounting and reporting standards. At the conclusion of this assessment the state board may adopt a globally recognized alternative accounting and reporting standard if it determines its use would more effectively further the goals of this section. This review process shall include consultation with the stakeholders identified in paragraph (5).
         2. (II) If the state board adopts an alternative accounting and reporting standard, the state board shall develop and adopt new regulations, pursuant to paragraph (1), to ensure full conformance with the new standard and reporting of scope 1 emissions, scope 2 emissions, and scope 3 emissions and other requirements of this section.
      5. (v) During 2029 the state board shall review, and on or before January 1, 2030, the state board shall update as necessary, the public disclosure deadlines established pursuant to clause (i) to evaluate trends in scope 3 emissions reporting and consider changes to the disclosure deadlines to ensure that scope 3 emissions data is disclosed to the emissions reporting organization, if contracted for services, or the state board, as close in time as practicable to the deadline for reporting entities to disclose scope 1 emissions and scope 2 emissions data.
      6. (vi) The reporting timelines shall consider industry stakeholder input and shall take into account the timelines by which reporting entities typically receive scope 1 emissions, scope 2 emissions, and scope 3 emissions data, as well as the capacity for an independent assurance engagement to be performed by a third-party assurance provider.
   2. (B) That a reporting entity’s public disclosure maximizes access for consumers, investors, and other stakeholders to comprehensive and detailed greenhouse gas emissions data across scope 1 emissions, scope 2 emissions, and scope 3 emissions, as defined by this section, and is made in a manner that is easily understandable and accessible.
   3. (C) That a reporting entity’s public disclosure includes the name of the reporting entity and any fictitious names, trade names, assumed names, and logos used by the reporting entity.

   4. (D)

      1. (i) That the emissions reporting is structured in a way that minimizes duplication of effort and allows a reporting entity to submit to the emissions reporting organization, if contracted for services, or the state board, reports prepared to meet other national and international reporting requirements, including any reports required by the federal government, as long as those reports satisfy all of the requirements of this section.
      2. (ii) Reporting entities that are required to report mandatory industrial emissions pursuant to regulations adopted pursuant to Section 38530 may provide that data with the disclosure required pursuant to this section.
   5. (E) That a reporting entity’s disclosure takes into account acquisitions, divestments, mergers, and other structural changes that can affect the greenhouse gas emissions reporting, and is disclosed in a manner consistent with the Greenhouse Gas Protocol standards and guidance or an alternative standard, if one is adopted after 2033.

   6. (F)

      1. (i) That a reporting entity obtains an assurance engagement, performed by an independent third-party assurance provider, of their public disclosure. The reporting entity shall ensure that a copy of the complete assurance provider’s report on the greenhouse gas emissions inventory, including the name of the third-party assurance provider, is provided to the emissions reporting organization, if contracted for services, or the state board, as part of or in connection with the reporting entity’s public disclosure.
      2. (ii) The assurance engagement for scope 1 emissions and scope 2 emissions shall be performed at a limited assurance level beginning in 2026 and at a reasonable assurance level beginning in 2030.
      3. (iii) During 2026, the state board shall review and evaluate trends in third-party assurance requirements for scope 3 emissions. On or before January 1, 2027, the state board may establish an assurance requirement for third-party assurance engagements of scope 3 emissions. The assurance engagement for scope 3 emissions shall be performed at a limited assurance level beginning in 2030.
      4. (iv) A third-party assurance provider shall have significant experience in measuring, analyzing, reporting, or attesting to the emission of greenhouse gasses and sufficient competence and capabilities necessary to perform engagements in accordance with professional standards and applicable legal and regulatory requirements. The assurance provider shall be able to issue reports that are appropriate under the circumstances and independent with respect to the reporting entity, and any of the reporting entity’s affiliates for which it is providing the assurance report. During 2029 the state board shall review and, on or before January 1, 2030, shall update as necessary, the qualifications for third-party assurance providers based on an evaluation of trends in education relating to the emission of greenhouse gases and the qualifications of third-party assurance providers.
      5. (v) The state board shall ensure that the assurance process minimizes the need for reporting entities to engage multiple assurance providers and ensures sufficient assurance provider capacity, as well as timely reporting implementation as required under clause (i) of subparagraph (A).

   7. (G)

      1. (i) That a reporting entity shall pay an annual fee to the state board for the administration and implementation of this section.
      2. (ii) The state board shall set the fee established pursuant to clause (i) in an amount sufficient to cover the state board’s full costs of administrating and implementing this section. The total amount of fees collected shall not exceed the state board’s actual and reasonable costs to administer and implement this section.
      3. (iii) The proceeds of the fees imposed pursuant to clause (i) shall be deposited in the Climate Accountability and Emissions Disclosure Fund, which is hereby created in the State Treasury. Notwithstanding Section 13340 of the Government Code, the money in the fund is continuously appropriated to the state board and shall be expended by the state board for the state board’s activities pursuant to this section and to reimburse any outstanding loans made from other funds used to finance the initial costs of the state board’s activities pursuant to this section. Moneys in the fund shall not be expended for any purpose not enumerated in this section.
      4. (iv) The state board may adjust the fee in any year to reflect changes in the California Consumer Price Index during the prior year.
3. (3) The state board may contract with an emissions reporting organization to develop a reporting program to receive and make publicly available disclosures required by this section pursuant to paragraph (1).
4. (4) The state board may adopt or update any other regulations that it deems necessary and appropriate to implement this section.

5. (5) In developing the regulations required pursuant to this subdivision, the state board shall consult with all of the following:

   1. (A) The Attorney General.
   2. (B) Other government stakeholders, including, but not limited to, experts in climate science and corporate carbon emissions accounting and reporting.
   3. (C) Investors.
   4. (D) Stakeholders representing consumer and environmental justice interests.
   5. (E) Reporting entities that have demonstrated leadership in full-scope greenhouse gas emissions accounting and public disclosure and greenhouse gas emissions reductions.
6. (6) This section does not require additional reporting of emissions of greenhouse gases beyond the reporting of scope 1 emissions, scope 2 emissions, and scope 3 emissions required pursuant to the Greenhouse Gas Protocol standards and guidance or an alternative standard, if one is adopted after 2033.

(d)

1. (1) On or before July 1, 2027, the state board shall contract with the University of California, the California State University, a national laboratory, or another equivalent academic institution to prepare a report on the public disclosures made by reporting entities to the emissions reporting organization, if contracted for services, or the state board, pursuant to subdivision (c) and the regulations adopted by the state board pursuant to that subdivision. In preparing the report, consideration shall be given to, at a minimum, greenhouse gas emissions from reporting entities in the context of state greenhouse gas emissions reduction and climate goals. The entity preparing the report shall not require reporting entities to report any information beyond what is required pursuant to subdivision (c) or the regulations adopted by the state board pursuant to that subdivision.

2. (2) The state board shall ensure the report required by this subdivision is posted publicly by either of the following:

   1. (A) The emissions reporting organization, if contracted for services, to be made publicly available on the digital platform required to be created by the emissions reporting organization pursuant to subdivision (e).
   2. (B) The state board on its public internet website.

(e)

1. (1)

   1. (A) The state board, or the emissions reporting organization, if contracted for services, on or before the date determined by the state board pursuant to clause (i) of subparagraph (A) of paragraph (2) of subdivision (c), shall create a digital platform, which shall be accessible to the public, that will feature the emissions data of reporting entities in conformance with the regulations adopted by the state board pursuant to subdivision (c) and the report prepared for the state board pursuant to subdivision (d). The state board, or the emissions reporting organization, if contracted for services, shall make the reporting entities’ disclosures and the state board’s report available on the digital platform no later than 90 days after receipt.
   2. (B) The digital platform shall be capable of featuring individual reporting entity disclosures, and shall allow consumers, investors, and other stakeholders to view reported data elements aggregated in a variety of ways, including multiyear data, in a manner that is easily understandable and accessible to residents of the state. All data sets and customized views shall be available in electronic format for access and use by the public.
   3. (C) Any contract for services with a reporting organization shall be considered a noninformation technology services contract for procurement purposes.
2. (2) The emissions reporting organization, if contracted for services, or the state board, shall submit, within 30 days of receipt, the report prepared for the state board pursuant to subdivision (d) to the relevant policy committees of the Legislature.

(f)

1. (1) Section 38580 does not apply to a violation of this section.

2. (2)

   1. (A) The state board shall adopt regulations that authorize it to seek administrative penalties for nonfiling, late filing, or other failure to meet the requirements of this section. The administrative penalties authorized by this section shall be imposed and recovered by the state board in administrative hearings conducted pursuant to Article 3 (commencing with Section 60065.1) and Article 4 (commencing with Section 60075.1) of Subchapter 1.25 of Chapter 1 of Division 3 of Title 17 of the California Code of Regulations. The administrative penalties imposed on a reporting entity shall not exceed five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000) in a reporting year. In imposing penalties for a violation of this section, the state board shall consider all relevant circumstances, including both of the following:

      1. (i) The violator’s past and present compliance with this section.
      2. (ii) Whether the violator took good faith measures to comply with this section and when those measures were taken.
   2. (B) A reporting entity shall not be subject to an administrative penalty under this section for any misstatements with regard to scope 3 emissions disclosures made with a reasonable basis and disclosed in good faith.
   3. (C) Penalties assessed on scope 3 reporting, between 2027 and 2030, shall only occur for nonfiling.