(c) Notwithstanding subdivision (a), prescription drugs or controlled substances may also be administered or applied by a physician and surgeon, or by a registered nurse acting under their instruction and supervision, under the following circumstances:

1. (1) Emergency treatment of a patient whose addiction is complicated by the presence of incurable disease, acute accident, illness, or injury, or the infirmities attendant upon age.
2. (2) Treatment of persons with substance use disorder in state-licensed institutions where the patient is kept under restraint and control, or in city or county jails or state prisons.
3. (3) Treatment of persons with substance use disorder as provided for by Section 11217.5 of the Health and Safety Code.

(d)

1. (1) For purposes of this section and Section 2241.5, “person with substance use disorder” means a person whose actions are characterized by craving in combination with one or more of the following:

   1. (A) Impaired control over drug use.
   2. (B) Compulsive use.
   3. (C) Continued use despite harm.
2. (2) Notwithstanding paragraph (1), a person whose drug-seeking behavior is primarily due to the inadequate control of pain is not a person with substance use disorder within the meaning of this section or Section 2241.5.