Cal. Code Regs. tit. 10, § 2536.2
(a) Deceptive Words, Phrases or Illustrations Prohibited.
(1) No advertisement shall omit information or use words, phrases, statements, references or illustrations if the omission of such information or use of such words, phrases, statements, references or illustrations has the capacity, tendency or effect of misleading or deceiving purchasers or prospective purchasers as to the nature or extent of any policy benefit payable, loss covered or premium payable. The fact that the policy offered is made available to a prospective insured for inspection prior to consummation of the sale or an offer is made to refund the premium if the purchaser is not satisfied, does not remedy misleading statements.
11. No advertisement shall employ devices which are designed to create undue fear or anxiety in the minds of those to whom they are directed. Unacceptable examples of such devices are:
a) The use of phrases such as “cancer kills somebody every two minutes” and “total number of accidents” without reference to the total population from which such statistics are drawn. (As an example of a permissible device, data prepared by the American Cancer Society are acceptable provided their source is noted and they are not over-emphasized);
b) The use of phrases such as “the finest kind of treatment,” implying that such treatment would be unavailable without insurance;
c) The reproduction of newspaper articles, etc., containing irrelevant facts and figures;
d) The use of illustrations which unduly emphasize automobile accidents, cripples or persons confined to beds who are in obvious distress or receiving hospital or medical bills or persons being evicted from their homes due to their hospital bills;
e) The use of phrases such as “financial disaster,” “financial distress,” “financial shock,” or other phrases implying that financial ruin is likely without insurance where used in an advertisement which comes within Section 2536.2(a)(7) relating to policies covering specified illnesses or specified accidents only.
21. An advertisement for a limited policy, or a hospital indemnity policy, or a plan of insurance which covers only certain causes of loss (such as dread disease) or which covers only a certain type of loss (such as hospital confinement) is unacceptable if:
a) the advertisement refers to a total benefit maximum limit payable under the policy in any headline, lead-in or caption without also in the same headline, lead-in or caption specifying the applicable daily limits and other internal limits;
b) the advertisement states any total benefit limit without stating the periodic benefit payment, if any, and the length of time the periodic benefit would be payable to reach the total benefit limit;
c) the advertisement prominently displays a total benefit limit which would not, as a general rule, be payable under an average claim.
40. An advertisement for a policy designed to supplement benefits under Medicare is unacceptable if the advertisement:
a) fails to disclose in clear language which of the Medicare benefits the policy is designed to supplement and which of the Medicare benefits the policy is not designed to supplement or if it otherwise implies that Medicare provides only those benefits which the policy is designed to supplement;
b) describes the in-patient hospital coverage of Medicare as “hospital Medicare” or “Medicare Part A” when the policy does not supplement the non-hospital or the psychiatric hospital benefits of Medicare Part A (phrases to the effect of “the in-hospital portion of Medicare Part A” are acceptable);
c) fails to clearly describe the operation of the Part or Parts of Medicare which the policy is designated to supplement;
d) describes those Medicare benefits not supplemented by the policy in such a way as to minimize their importance relative to the Medicare benefits which are supplemented;
e) prominently displays a total benefit limit which would not, as a general rule, be payable for an average claim;
f) fails to clearly describe the operation of the Medicare Part A “lifetime reserve” (currently 60 days) and initial “benefit period” (currently 90 days) or fails to state that Medicare Part A provides benefits for psychiatric hospital confinement, where the policy supplements Medicare Part A.
GUIDELINE 2536.2(a)(1)
This section prohibits words, phrases or illustrations which create deception to the reader by omission or commission. The following examples are illustrations of the prohibitions created by the Subsection:
(2) No advertisement shall contain or use words or phrases such as, “all”; “full”; “complete”; “comprehensive”; “unlimited”; “up to”; “as high as”; “this policy will help pay your hospital and surgical bills”; “this policy will help fill some of the gaps that Medicare and your present insurance leave out”; “this policy will help to replace your income” (unless used to express loss of time benefits); or similar words and phrases, in a manner which exaggerates any benefits beyond the term of the policy.
GUIDELINE 2536.2(a)(2)
This Subsection recognizes that certain words and phrases in advertising may have a tendency to mislead the public as to the extent of benefits under an advertised policy. Consequently, such terms (and those specified in the rule do not represent a comprehensive list but only examples) must be used with caution to avoid any tendency to exaggerate benefits and must not be used unless the statement is literally true in every instance. The use of the following phrases based on such terms or having the same effect must be similarly restricted: “pays hospital, surgical, etc., bills,” “pays dollars to offset the cost of medical care,” “safeguards your standard of living,” “pays full coverage,” “pays complete coverage,” “pays for financial needs,” “provides for replacement of your lost paycheck,” “replaces income” or “emergency paycheck.” Other phrases may or may not be acceptable depending upon the nature of the coverage being advertised. For example, the phrase “this policy will help to replace your income” is acceptable in advertising for loss-of-time coverage but is unacceptable in advertising for hospital confinement (including “hospital indemnity”) coverage.
This rule also prohibits words or phrases which exaggerate the effect of benefit payment on the insured's general well-being, such as “worry-free savings plan,” “guaranteed savings,” “financial peace of mind” and “you will never have to worry about hospital bills again.”
Advertisements for policies designed to supplement Medicare benefits are unacceptable if they fail to disclose that no hospital confinement benefits will be payable for that portion of a Medicare benefit period for which Medicare pays all hospital confinement expenses, currently 60 days, other than the initial deductible, if the policy so provides. The length of said period must be stated in days.
(3) An advertisement shall not contain descriptions of a policy limitation, exception, or reduction, worded in a positive manner to imply that it is a benefit, such as, describing a waiting period as a “benefit builder,” or stating “even pre-existing conditions are covered after two years.” Words and phrases used in an advertisement to describe such policy limitations, exceptions and reductions shall fairly and accurately describe the negative features of such limitations, exceptions and reductions of the policy offered.
GUIDELINE 2536.2(a)(3)
Explanations must not minimize nor describe restrictive provisions in a positive manner. Negative features must be accurately set forth. Any limitation on benefits excluding pre-existing conditions also must be restated under a caption concerning exclusions or limitations, notwithstanding that the pre-existing condition exclusion has been disclosed elsewhere in the advertisement. (See Guidelines for Section 2536.2(c) for additional comments on pre-existing conditions.)
(4) No advertisement of a benefit for which payment is conditional upon confinement in a hospital or similar facility shall use words or phrases such as “tax free”; “extra cash”; “extra income”; “extra pay”; or substantially similar words or phrases because such words and phrases have the capacity, tendency or effect of misleading the public into believing that the policy advertised will, in some way, enable them to make a profit from being hospitalized.
GUIDELINE 2536.2(a)(4)
The words, phrases, illustrations and concepts listed are illustrations of the words, phrases, illustrations and concepts prohibited by the Subsection which create the impression of a profit or gain to be realized by the insured when hospitalized.
Illustrations which depict paper currency or checks showing an amount payable are deceptive and misleading and are not permissible.
A hospital indemnity advertisement shall not include language such as “pay for a trip to Florida,” “buy a new television” or otherwise imply that the insured will make profit on hospitalization.
An advertisement which uses words such as “extra,” “special” or “added” to describe any benefit in the policy is unacceptable.
Although the Subsection prohibits the use of the phrase “tax free,” it does not prohibit the use of complete and accurate terminology explaining the Internal Revenue Service rules applicable to the taxation of accident and sickness benefits. The IRS rules provide that the premiums paid for and the benefits received from hospital indemnity policies are subject to the same rules as loss of time premiums and benefits and are not afforded the same favorable tax treatment as premiums for expense incurred hospital, medical and surgical benefit coverages. (Currently, Rev. Rul. 68-451 and Rev. Rul. 69-154.) Prominence either by caption, lead-in, bold-face or large type shall be given in any manner to any statements relating to the tax status of such benefits.
(7) An advertisement for a policy providing benefits for specified illnesses only, such as cancer, or for specified accidents only, such as automobile accidents, shall clearly and conspicuously in prominent type state the limited nature of the policy. The statement shall be worded in language identical to, or substantially similar to the following: “THIS IS A LIMITED POLICY”; “THIS IS A CANCER ONLY POLICY”; “THIS IS AN AUTOMOBILE ACCIDENT ONLY POLICY.”
GUIDELINES 2536.2(a)(5) through 2536.2 (a)(7)
These Subsections are self-explanatory.
(8) An advertisement of a direct response insurance product shall not imply that because “no insurance agent will call and no commissions will be paid to agents” that it is “a low cost plan,” or use other similar words or phrases because the cost of advertising and servicing such policies is a substantial cost in the marketing of a direct response insurance product.
GUIDELINE 2536.2(a)(8)
This Subsection should be applied in conjunction with Section 2536.7.
Phrases such as “we cut costs to the bone” or “we deal direct with you so our costs are lower” shall not be used.
(b) Exceptions, Reductions and Limitations.
(1) When an advertisement which is an invitation to contract refers to either a dollar amount, or a period of time for which any benefit is payable, or the cost of the policy, or specific policy benefit, or the loss for which such benefit is payable, it shall also disclose those exceptions, reductions and limitations affecting the basic provisions of the policy without which the advertisement would have the capacity or tendency to mislead or deceive.
GUIDELINE 2536.2(b)(1)
The extent of disclosure required by this rule depends upon the type of advertisement. An institutional advertisement as defined in Section 2535.3(g) is not subject to this rule. An advertisement which is an invitation to inquire as defined in Section 2535.3(h) which mentions either the dollar amount of benefit payable and/or the period of time during which the benefit is payable must include a reference to the existence of exceptions, reductions and limitations in the manner required by Section 2535.3(h). An advertisement which is an invitation to contract as defined in Section 2535.3(i) must recite the exceptions, reductions and limitations as required by the rule and in a manner consistent with Section 2536.
If an exception, reduction or limitation is important enough to use in a policy, it is of sufficient importance that its existence in the policy should be referred to in the advertisement regardless of whether it may also be the subject matter of a provision of Insurance Code Sections 10350.1 through 10350.12 and 10369.2 through 10369.12.
Some advertisements disclose exceptions, reductions and limitations as required, but the advertisement is so lengthy as to obscure the disclosure. Where the length of an advertisement has this effect, special emphasis must be given by changing the format to show the restrictions in a manner which does not minimize, render obscure or otherwise make them appear unimportant.
(2) When a policy contains a waiting, elimination, probationary or similar time period between the effective date of the policy and the effective date of coverage under the policy or a time period between the date a loss occurs and the date benefits begin to accrue for such loss, an advertisement which is subject to the requirements of the preceding paragraph shall disclose the existence of such periods.
GUIDELINE 2536.2(b)(2)
This Subsection imposes the same disclosure standards as the preceding paragraph with respect to policy provisions providing for waiting, elimination, probationary or similar time periods between the effective date of the policy and the effective date of coverage under the policy or a time period between the date a loss occurs and the date benefits begin to accrue for such loss. The comments under Subsection 2536.2(b)(1) are equally applicable to this Subsection. Where a policy has waiting, elimination, probationary or other such time periods, such provisions must be stated in negative terms. This requirement is comparable to that contemplated in Section 2536.2(a)(3) as to exceptions, reductions and limitations.
An advertisement for a policy designed to supplement Medicare benefits is unacceptable if it fails to disclose that no hospital confinement benefits will be payable for that portion of a Medicare benefit period, currently 60 days, for which Medicare pays all hospital confinement expenses other than the initial deductible, if the policy so provides. The length of said period must be stated in days.
(3) An advertisement shall not use the words “only”; “just”; “merely”; “minimum” or similar words or phrases to describe the applicability of any exceptions and reductions, such as: “This policy is subject to the following minimum exceptions and reductions.”
GUIDELINE 2536.2(b)(3)
This Subsection is similar to Section 2536.2(a)(3) and requires a fair and accurate description of exceptions, limitations and reductions in a manner which does not minimize, render obscure or otherwise make them appear unimportant.
Advertisements must state exceptions, limitations and reductions in the negative and must not understate any exception, limitation or reduction or qualify any exception, limitation or reduction to emphasize coverage described elsewhere (i.e., “Does not pay for ____________________, however, Medicare pays this” is not acceptable, nor is “Does not pay for the first four days in hospital for sickness, but pays for accident from first day”). (Underscoring indicates the manner in which statements are sometimes emphasized.)
This Subsection prohibits the use of any term, such as “just,” “only,” “merely,” “necessary” or “minimum” to describe any exclusion, limitation, reduction or exception.
(4) When a group disability income insurance policy contains provisions which reduce the amount of maximum benefit payable, any invitation to contract for the policy as defined in Subsection 2535.3(i) shall contain an example of how at least two common reductions would reduce the dollar amount of the maximum benefit that an insured would receive. This example shall be placed in the part of the invitation to contract in which the maximum benefit amount is described, and shall be as prominent as the maximum benefit amount. The example may be coupled with a disclaimer which explains that the example is for purposes of illustrating the effect of benefit reductions and is not intended to reflect the situation of a particular claimant under the policy.
GUIDELINE 2536.2(b)(4)
This Subsection is designed to ensure that insurers will better explain the effect of benefit reductions, sometimes known as “offsets,” on the maximum benefit amounts set forth in their invitations to contract. It is not sufficient under subsection (4) to state the amount of the maximum benefit available under a policy without also showing, in a dollar amount example, how the maximum benefit amount might be reduced by at least two common reductions which are provided for in the policy. An example of how two common reductions would reduce the amount of the maximum benefit that an insured would receive is set forth below. The example assumes that the policy provides for a long term disability benefit payment of 60% of pre-disability earnings. This percentage may vary, depending on the terms of the policy.
Insured's monthly predisability earnings
$3,000
Long term disability benefit percentage
x 60%
Unreduced maximum benefit
$1,800
Less Social Security disability benefit per month
- 900
Less state disability income benefit per month
- 300
Amount of long term disability benefit per month
$ 600
(c) Pre-Existing Conditions.
(1) An advertisement which is subject to the requirements of Section 2536.2(b) shall, in negative terms, disclose the extent to which any loss is not covered if the cause of such loss is traceable to a condition existing prior to the effective date of the policy. The term “pre-existing condition” without an appropriate definition or description shall not be used.
GUIDELINE 2536.2(c)(1)
This Subsection imposes the same disclosure standards with respect to pre-existing conditions provisions as noted in Guideline 2536.2(b)(1). The comments under that Guideline are equally applicable to this Subsection of the rules since the pre-existing conditions provision is an exception under the rules.
This rule implements the objective of Section 2536.2(a)(3) by requiring in negative terms a description of the effect of a pre-existing condition exclusion because such an exclusion is a restriction on coverage. The subdivision also prohibits the use of the phrase “pre-existing condition” without an appropriate definition or description of the term and prohibits stating a reduction in the statutory time limit (such as a reduction from three years to two years or to one year) as an affirmative benefit. The words “appropriate definition or description” mean that the term “pre-existing condition” must be defined as it is used by the company's claims department.
(2) When a policy does not cover losses resulting from pre-existing conditions, no advertisement of the policy shall state or imply that the applicant's physical condition or medical history will not affect the issuance of the policy or payment of a claim thereunder. This prohibits the use of the phrase “no medical examination required” and phrases of similar import, but does not prohibit explaining “automatic issue.” If an insurer requires a medical examination for a specific policy, the advertisement, if it is an invitation to contract, shall disclose that a medical examination is required.
GUIDELINE 2535.2(c)(2)
The phrase “no health questions” or words of similar import shall not be used if the policy excludes pre-existing conditions.
Use of a phrase such as “guaranteed issue” or “automatic issue,” if the policy excludes pre-existing conditions for a certain period, must be accompanied by a statement disclosing the fact in a manner which does not minimize, render obscure, or otherwise make it appear unimportant and is otherwise consistent with Section 2536.
(3) When an advertisement contains an application form to be completed by the applicant and returned by mail for a direct response insurance product, such application form shall contain a question or statement which reflects the pre-existing condition provisions of the policy immediately preceding the blank space for the applicant's signature. For example, such an application form shall contain a question or statement substantially as follows:
“Do you understand that this policy will not pay benefits during the first ___ year(s) after the issue date for a disease or physical condition which you now have or have had in the past?” [ ] YES;
Or substantially the following statement:
“I understand that the policy applied for will not pay benefits for any loss incurred during the first ___ year(s) after the issue date on account of disease or physical condition which I now have or have had in the past.”
GUIDELINE 2536.2(c)(3)
This subsection is self-explanatory.
Note: Authority cited: Section 790.10, Insurance Code; CalFarm Ins. Co. v. Deukmejian, (1989) 48 Cal.3d 805; and 20th Century Ins. Co. v. Garamendi (1994) 8 Cal.4th 216. Reference: Sections 790.02 and 790.03, Insurance Code.
1. Amendment filed 11-19-74; effective thirtieth day thereafter (Register 74, No. 48).
2. Amendment of Guideline 2536.2(b)(3), new Guideline 2536.2(b)(4) and new Note filed 6-24-2008; operative 8-23-2008 (Register 2008, No. 26).