(a) Applicability.

1. (1) The data and information required under this section shall be submitted by the applicant for landfills which will receive household solid waste or commercial and industrial wastes.
2. (2) Class 3 landfill applicants proposing to dispose of only inert, nonputrescible Class 4 wastes shall meet the requirements of 8 CAR § 60-1104.

(b) Facility design.

1. (1) A professional geologist registered in the State of Arkansas must determine through surface mapping, field borings, and/or existing published information the local and site-specific geology and structure of the study area.

2. (2)

   1. (A) This includes an evaluation of the geomorphology, stratigraphy, geologic structure, hydrogeology, and soil characteristics of the site.
   2. (B)

(i) A conceptual hydrogeologic model of the site must be developed.

1. (ii) All characterization studies must be integrated into a comprehensive geologic model which accurately describes and explains the site hydrogeology.

   1. (iii) The model must be of sufficient detail to base the design and be used as a predictive tool for potential contaminant migration, and serve as a basis for corrective actions.

   2. (C)

      1. (i) Geotechnical characterization of the materials on the site must be clearly demonstrated.
      2. (ii) All information required to base the design and operation of large load-bearing waste containment structures must be included.

   3. (D) Monitoring well location and design. The facility monitoring plan must be capable of detecting landfill derived water chemistry changes as soon as possible.

      1. (c) Site characterization.

2. (1)

   1. (A) The site-specific geology shall be defined through field investigations.
   2. (B) A site characterization work plan outlining the initial investigations to be performed shall be submitted for Division of Environmental Quality approval prior to beginning the work.
   3. (C) Additional studies and investigations may be required based on the findings of the initial investigation.

3. (2) The work plan must include the following studies, as appropriate:

   1. (A) Aerial photograph analysis of the study area to determine:

      1. (i) Fracture traces and fracture orientation;
      2. (ii) Sedimentary features; and
      3. (iii) Depositional features;

   2. (B) Detailed surface geologic mapping of the site and the area within one-half (1/2) mile of the property boundary including:

      1. (i) Surface stratigraphy;
      2. (ii) Structural features;
      3. (iii) Springs and seeps; and
      4. (iv) Domestic, agricultural, and municipal water wells;

   3. (C) A surface geophysical study to determine changes in soil type, stratigraphic changes, sedimentary features, and bedrock topography, utilizing one (1) or more of the following methods:

      1. (i) Electromagnetic;
      2. (ii) Resistivity;
      3. (iii) Seismic refraction;
      4. (iv) Ground-penetrating radar; or
      5. (v) Any other method approved by the division;

   4. (D)

      1. (i) A subsurface exploration program utilizing borings and test pits must be conducted on the site.
      2. (ii) Borings must be at a minimum spacing of one (1) per five (5) acres.
      3. (iii) Stratigraphically or structurally complex sites will require additional borings or test pits.
      4. (iv) The following information must be obtained from the study:

(b) (b) Depth to bedrock and bedrock topography;

1. (c) (c) Rock quality designation and percent core recovery;

   1. (d) (d) Fracture density, width, and orientation;

(f) (f) Geophysical logs of holes including one (1) or more of the following methods:

1. (1) (1) Conductivity;
2. (2) (2) Resistivity;
3. (3) (3) Natural Gamma;
4. (4) (4) Caliper; and

5. (5) (5) Any other method approved by the division;

   1. (E)

      1. (i) The hydrogeology of the proposed landfill site must be explored through the installation of piezometers.
      2. (ii) The following information must be obtained through physical tests:

(b) (b) Ground water flow directions;

1. (c) (c) Hydraulic conductivities for hydraulically significant units;

   1. (d) (d) Vertical and horizontal hydraulic gradients;

(g) (g) Ambient ground water chemistry for the detection monitoring parameters; and

1. (F) Each distinct textural horizon must be classified using the Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (ASTM D-2487) and characterized using the most recent versions of the following physical tests where appropriate:

   1. (i) Atterburg Limits (ASTM D-4318);

      1. (ii) Standard penetration test (ASTM D 1586 & 1452);
      2. (iii) Sieve analysis (ASTM D-1140 & D-422);
      3. (iv) Dry density, hydraulic conductivity/molding water content (%) relationship;
      4. (v) Remolded hydraulic conductivity (ASTM 5084);
      5. (vi) Unconsolidated, undrained shear strength of soils (ASTM 2850);
      6. (vii) Standard Proctor density (ASTM D-698);
      7. (viii) Moisture-density relations of soils and aggregates (ASTM 1557);
      8. (ix) One-dimensional consolidation properties of soils (ASTM D-2435);
      9. (x) One-dimensional swell or settlement (ASTM D-4546); and
      10. (xi) Moisture content of soils (ASTM 2216).
      11. (d) Summary report.
2. (1) All individual studies must be integrated into a comprehensive hydrogeologic model which is summarized in a written report and certified by a qualified ground water scientist.
3. (2) Recommended ground water monitoring points must be included and the locations based upon the site hydrogeologic model and facility design.

4. (3) All maps and cross sections included in the written report must be of a uniform scale and should include the following:

   1. (A) A geologic map of the study area;
   2. (B) Boring locations;
   3. (C) Geophysical data collection points;
   4. (D) Water table or potentiometric maps;
   5. (E) Isopach maps of relevant units;
   6. (F) Bedrock topography where appropriate; and

   7. (G) Geologic cross sections with the following information overlain:

      1. (i) Stratigraphy;
      2. (ii) Maximum depth of excavation for the containment structure;
      3. (iii) Water table and/or potentiometric surface from water levels;
      4. (iv) Lithologic logs of boreholes with physical properties test results;
      5. (v) Geophysical logs of boreholes;
      6. (vi) Screened intervals in piezometers; and
      7. (vii) Aquifer test results indicated at the appropriate screened interval.

(e) Boone — St. Joe Aquifer of northern Arkansas.

1. (1) Proposed landfills located within the outcrop area of the Boone or St. Joe Formations of northern Arkansas, which will receive municipal solid waste or waste with a high potential for adversely impacting surface or ground water quality (Class 1 or Class 3), may be required to perform additional studies (i.e., in addition to the requirements under 8 CAR § 60-1101, subsections (a) – (d) and (f) of this section, and 8 CAR § 60-1103) in order to adequately characterize the site.

2. (2) At a minimum, the additional studies will include:

   1. (A) A detailed surface mapping of all karst features including, but not limited to:

      1. (i) Sinkholes;
      2. (ii) Springs;
      3. (iii) Loosing stream segments;
      4. (iv) Caves; and
      5. (v) Dolines;
   2. (B) A subsurface exploration program which consists of core drilling at a minimum spacing of one (1) boring per one (1) acre;
   3. (C) A down-hole video log and/or a geophysical log, obtained by one (1) of the methods under subdivision (c)(2)(D)(iv)(f) of this section, must be conducted for each boring; and

   4. (D)

      1. (i) A ground water dye trace study shall be performed to test the accuracy of the site’s conceptual hydrogeologic model.
      2. (ii) The dye study methodology must be approved by the division and shall consist of a sufficient number of monitoring locations, which will include wells/piezometers, streams, and springs.

(f) Class 3 waste and site characterization.

1. (1)

   1. (A) The site characterization and facility design requirements for Class 3 landfills are dependent upon the potential for the waste to adversely impact surface or ground water quality.
   2. (B) In the absence of actual leachate data, each waste stream proposed to be placed into the landfill must be characterized with the Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SW-846 Method 1312).
   3. (C) The purpose of this test method is to assess the leachate properties of a waste under conditions approximating a natural setting.
   4. (D) The ground water standards set forth in Appendix 3 and 8 CAR § 60-523, and the surface water standards of Rule Establishing Water Quality Standards for Surface Waters of the State of Arkansas, 8 CAR pt. 21, of the Arkansas Pollution Control and Ecology Commission shall be utilized as indicators of the pollution potential of the specific waste stream.

2. (2)

   1. (A) If one (1) or more of the ground water standards are exceeded in the leachate or synthetic precipitation leaching procedure analytical results, the minimum site characterization requirements as described herein for Class 1 landfills shall be met.
   2. (B) Facility design shall be in conformance with 8 CAR § 60-524(f)(1) or 8 CAR § 60-424, as determined by the waste and leachate characteristics.

3. (3)

   1. (A) If the results of the leachate or synthetic precipitation leaching procedure analytical results and waste characteristics indicate the waste has a low potential for adversely impacting surface or ground water quality, the minimum site characterization requirements as described herein for Class 4 landfills shall be met.
   2. (B) Facility design shall be in conformance with 8 CAR § 60-524 or 8 CAR § 60-532, as applicable, and 8 CAR § 60-621.