(a) General requirements.

1. (1)

   1. (A) Each PAL permit must contain enforceable requirements for the monitoring system that accurately determines plantwide emissions of the PAL pollutant in terms of mass per unit of time.
   2. (B) Any monitoring system authorized for use in the PAL permit must be based on sound science and meet generally acceptable scientific procedures for data quality and manipulation.
   3. (C) Additionally, the information generated by such system must meet minimum legal requirements for admissibility in a judicial proceeding to enforce the PAL permit.

2. (2) The PAL monitoring system must:

   1. (A) Employ one (1) or more of the four (4) general monitoring approaches meeting the minimum requirements set forth in subdivisions (b)(1) – (4) of this section; and
   2. (B) Be approved by the reviewing authority.
3. (3) Notwithstanding subdivision (a)(2) of this section, an owner or operator may also employ an alternative monitoring approach that meets subdivision(a)(1) of this section if approved by the reviewing authority.
4. (4) Failure to use a monitoring system that meets the requirements of this subpart renders the PAL invalid.

(b) Minimum performance requirements for approved monitoring approaches. The following are acceptable general monitoring approaches when conducted in accordance with the minimum requirements in subsections (c) – (i) of this section:

1. (1) Mass balance calculations for activities using coatings or solvents;
2. (2) CEMS;
3. (3) CPMS or PEMS; and
4. (4) Emission factors.

(c) Mass balance calculations. An owner or operator using mass balance calculations to monitor PAL pollutant emissions from activities using coatings or solvents shall meet the following requirements:

1. (1) Provide a demonstrated means of validating the published content of the PAL pollutant that is contained in or created by all materials used in or at the emissions unit;
2. (2) Assume that the emissions unit emits all of the PAL pollutant that is contained in or created by any raw material or fuel used in or at the emissions unit, if it cannot otherwise be accounted for in the process; and
3. (3) Where the vendor of a material or fuel, which is used in or at the emissions unit, publishes a range of pollutant content from such material, the owner or operator must use the highest value of the range to calculate the PAL pollutant emissions unless the reviewing authority determines there is site-specific data or a site-specific monitoring program to support another content within the range.

(d) CEMS. An owner or operator using CEMS to monitor PAL pollutant emissions shall meet the following requirements:

1. (1) CEMS must comply with applicable Performance Specifications found in 40 C.F.R. pt. 60, Appendix B; and
2. (2) CEMS must sample, analyze and record data at least every fifteen (15) minutes while the emissions unit is operating.

(e) CPMS or PEMS. An owner or operator using CPMS or PEMS to monitor PAL pollutant emissions shall meet the following requirements:

1. (1) The CPMS or the PEMS must be based on current site-specific data demonstrating a correlation between the monitored parameter or parameters and the PAL pollutant emissions across the range of operation of the emissions unit; and
2. (2) Each CPMS or PEMS must sample, analyze, and record data at least every fifteen (15) minutes, or at another less frequent interval approved by the reviewing authority, while the emissions unit is operating.

(f) Emission factors. An owner or operator using emission factors to monitor PAL pollutant emissions shall meet the following requirements:

1. (1) All emission factors shall be adjusted, if appropriate, to account for the degree of uncertainty or limitations in the factors' development;
2. (2) The emissions unit shall operate within the designated range of use for the emission factor, if applicable; and
3. (3) If technically practicable, the owner or operator of a significant emissions unit that relies on an emission factor to calculate PAL pollutant emissions shall conduct validation testing to determine a site-specific emission factor within six (6) months of PAL permit issuance, unless the reviewing authority determines that testing is not required.

(h) Notwithstanding the requirements in subsections (c) – (g) of this section, where an owner or operator of an emissions unit cannot demonstrate a correlation between the monitored parameter or parameters and the PAL pollutant emissions rate at all operating points of the emissions unit, the reviewing authority shall, at the time of permit issuance:

1. (1) Establish default value or values for determining compliance with the PAL based on the highest potential emissions reasonably estimated at such operating point or points; or
2. (2) Determine that operation of the emissions unit during operating conditions when there is no correlation between monitored parameter or parameters and the PAL pollutant emissions is a violation of the PAL.

(i) Revalidation.

1. (1) All data used to establish the PAL pollutant must be revalidated through performance testing or other scientifically valid means approved by the reviewing authority.
2. (2) Such testing must occur at least once every five (5) years after issuance of the PAL.