As used in this part:

1. (1) “Absolute pressure” means the sum of gauge pressure and atmospheric pressure;
2. (2) “Accessory” means the piece of equipment not directly attached to the boiler but necessary for its operation;
3. (3) “Accumulation test” means the test used to establish the relieving capacity of boiler safety valves;
4. (4) “Air cock”. See “boiler vent”, subdivision (34) of this section;
5. (5) “Air ejector” means the steam-driven device that removes air and other noncondensable gases from the condenser, thus maintaining a higher vacuum;
6. (6) “Air flow switch” means the switch that proves that primary air is supplied to the burner;

7. (7)

   1. (A) “Air heater” means the heater that supplies heated air for combustion.
   2. (B) The “air heater” is located in the breeching between the boiler and chimney;
8. (8) “Air to fuel ratio” means the amount of air and fuel supplied to the burner over high and low fire;

9. (9)

   1. (A) “Alkalinity” is determined by boiler water analysis.
   2. (B) Boiler water with a pH over seven (7) is considered alkaline;
10. (10) “Ambient temperature” means the temperature of the surrounding air;
11. (11) “Anthracite coal” means coal that has a high fixed carbon content;
12. (12) “Ash hopper” means the large receptacle used to store ashes until they can be disposed of;
13. (13) “ASME code” means the code written by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers that controls the construction, repairs, and operation of boilers, unfired pressure vessels, and their related equipment;
14. (14) “Atmospheric pressure” means the pressure at sea level, fourteen and seven-tenths pounds per square inch (14.7 psi);
15. (15) “Atomize” means to break up liquid into a fine mist;

16. (16)

    1. (A) “Automatic nonreturn valve” means the valve located on the steam line closest to the shell of the boiler that cuts the boiler in on the line and off-line automatically.
    2. (B) The “automatic nonreturn valve” also protects the system in the event of a large steam leak on any boiler;
17. (17) “Auxiliaries” means the equipment necessary for the operation of a boiler;
18. (18) “Baffles” direct the path of the gases of combustion so that the maximum heat will be absorbed by the water before the gases of combustion enter the breeching and chimney;

19. (19)

    1. (A) “Balanced draft” means when the intake damper is automatically controlled by the pressure in the furnace.
    2. (B) Furnace pressure is maintained slightly below atmospheric pressure;
20. (20) “Bent-tube boiler” means a water tube boiler with more than one (1) drum in which the tubes connect the drums;
21. (21) “Bituminous coal” means soft coal that has a high volatile content;
22. (22) “Blowdown tank” means a coded tank vented to the atmosphere that protects sewer lines from boiler pressure and high temperature when blowing down;
23. (23) “Blowdown valves” means valves found on the boiler blowdown line at the lowest part of the water side of the boiler;
24. (24) “Boiler capacity” means the pounds of steam per hour that a steam boiler is capable of producing;
25. (25) “Boiler explosion” means an explosion caused by a sudden drop in pressure (failure on the steam side) without a corresponding drop in temperature;
26. (26) “Boiler horsepower” means the evaporation of thirty-four and one-half pounds (34.5 lbs.) of water per hour from and at a feedwater temperature of two hundred twelve degrees Fahrenheit (212° F);

27. (27)

    1. (A) “Boiler lay-up” means removing a boiler from service for an extended period of time.
    2. (B) A boiler can be laid-up wet or dry;
28. (28) “Boiler operator” means a person who has successfully completed the boiler operator’s examination and been issued a boiler operator license from the Boiler Inspection Division;
29. (29) “Boiler room” means any building, enclosed room, or space within a building other than a residential dwelling, intended by design or by usage to contain a boiler which is connected and available for use;
30. (30) “Boiler room log” means a data sheet used to record pressures, temperatures, and other operating conditions of a boiler on a continuous basis;
31. (31) “Boiler shutdown” means a sequence of operations completed when taking a boiler off-line;
32. (32) “Boiler start up” means a sequence of operations completed when preparing a steam boiler for service;

33. (33)

    1. (A) “Boiler tubes” means tubes used to carry water or heat and gases of combustion.
    2. (B) “Boiler tubes” may be straight or bent tubes;

34. (34)

    1. (A) “Boiler vent” means the line coming off the highest part of the steam side of the boiler that is used to vent air from the boiler when filling with water and when warming the boiler.
    2. (B) A “boiler vent” is also used to prevent a vacuum from forming when taking the boiler off-line.
    3. (C) A “boiler vent” is also known as an air cock;
35. (35) “Boiler external piping” includes all piping from the boiler proper up to and including the second stop valve and the free-blow drain valve;
36. (36) “Boilers in battery” means two (2) or more boilers connected to a common steam header;
37. (37) “Bourdon tube” means the tube connected by linkage to a pointer that registers pressure inside pressure gauges;

38. (38)

    1. (A) “Box header” means a header that requires staybolts to prevent the headers from bulging.
    2. (B) “Box headers” are found on older water tube boilers;
39. (39) “Breeching” means the duct connecting boiler to chimney;

40. (40)

    1. (A) “British thermal unit (Btu)” means a measurement of the quantity of heat.
    2. (B) “Btu” is the quantity of heat necessary to heat one pound (1 lb.) of water to one degree Fahrenheit (1° F);
41. (41) “Burning in suspension” means combustion of a fuel when burned in air without support;
42. (42) “Butterfly valve” means a balanced valve used to control gas flow to gas-fired boilers;
43. (43) “Bypass damper” means the damper that controls the air temperature in air heaters to prevent corrosion;

44. (44)

    1. (A) “Bypass line” means a pipeline that passes around a control, heater, or steam trap.
    2. (B) A “bypass line” is used so that a plant can operate while equipment is serviced or repaired;
45. (45) “Calibrate” means adjusting a pressure gauge to conform to a test gauge;
46. (46) “Carryover” means particles of water that flow with the steam into the main steam line;
47. (47) “Caustic embrittlement” means the collection of high alkaline material that leads to breakdown and weakening of boiler metal;
48. (48) “Centrifugal force” means force caused by a rotating impeller that builds up in a centrifugal pump;
49. (49) “Centrifugal pump” means a pump that works on the principle of centrifugal force that is converted into pressure;
50. (50) “Chain (traveling) grate stoker” means a cross-feed stoker that is used with larger capacity boilers because of its ability to feed coal at a faster rate than other stokers;
51. (51) “Check valve” means an automatic valve that controls the flow of a liquid in one (1) direction;
52. (52) “Chemical compound” means the compound formed when two (2) or more chemical elements combine into a new substance;
53. (53) “Chemical concentration” means the amount of a specific chemical in the boiler water;
54. (54) “Chemical energy” means the energy in the fuel that converts to heat energy during the combustion process;

55. (55)

    1. (A) “Chimney” is used to create draft.
    2. (B) A “chimney” is also an outlet to the atmosphere for the gases of combustion;
56. (56) “Coal bunker” means an overhead bin where large quantities of coal are stored;
57. (57) “Coal conveyer” means the mechanism on a stoker that moves coal to the coal scale;
58. (58) “Coal feeder” means the feeder that controls the flow of coal entering the pulverizer;
59. (59) “Coal gate” means the gate used to control the depth of coal entering the boiler furnace on chain grate stokers;
60. (60) “Coal ram” distributes coal evenly into the center retort on underfeed stokers and forces the coal up to the top where it is burned;
61. (61) “Coal scale” is the scale that measures and records the amount of coal fed to stoker-fired or pulverized coal-fired boilers;
62. (62) “Combustible materials” means any material that burns when it is exposed to oxygen and heat;
63. (63) “Combustion” means the rapid union of oxygen with an element or compound that results in the release of heat;
64. (64) “Combustion control” means the control that regulates the air to fuel ratio supplied to the burner;
65. (65) “Complete combustion” means the burning of all supplied fuel using the minimum amount of excess air;

66. (66)

    1. (A) “Compressive stress” means stress which occurs when two (2) forces of equal intensity act from opposite directions, pushing toward the center of an object.
    2. (B) Fire tubes in a fire tube boiler are subjected to “compressive stress”;
67. (67) “Condensate” means steam that has lost its heat and has returned to water;
68. (68) “Condensate pump” means the pump used to return condensed steam to the open feedwater heater;
69. (69) “Condensate tank” means the tank where condensed steam (water) is stored before it is delivered back to the open feedwater heater by the condensate pump;
70. (70) “Condense” means the process whereby steam turns back to water after the removal of heat;
71. (71) “Conduction” means a method of heat transfer in which heat moves from molecule to molecule;
72. (72) “Conductivity” means a measure of the ability of electrons to flow through a solution;
73. (73) “Constant attendance” means a boiler operator must be stationed at the boiler with no other significant job duties;
74. (74) “Continuous blowdown” is used to control chemical concentrations and total dissolved solids in the boiler water;
75. (75) “Convection” means a method of heat transfer that occurs as heat moves through a fluid;
76. (76) “Convection superheater” means a heater that is located in a boiler and receives heat from convection currents;
77. (77) “Counterflow” means the principle used in heat exchangers where the medium being heated flows in one (1) direction and the medium supplying the heat flows in the opposite direction;
78. (78) “Cracking open” means slowly opening a steam valve to allow pressure to equalize;
79. (79) “Cross ‘T’” is used on connections on a water column for inspection of steam and water lines to ensure they are clean and clear;
80. (80) “Cyclone separator” means a device that separates water droplets from steam using centrifugal force and by changing direction;
81. (81) “Damper” is used to control the flow of air or gases;
82. (82) “Data plate” means a plate that must be attached to a safety valve containing data required by the ASME code;
83. (83) “Deadweight tester” means a tester used to test a pressure gauge so that it can be recalibrated;
84. (84) “Deaerating feedwater heater” means a type of open feedwater heater equipped with a vent condenser;
85. (85) “Desuperheating” means removing heat from superheated steam to make it suitable for process;
86. (86) “Discharge piping” means piping attached to the outlet side of a safety valve that conveys steam to the atmosphere;
87. (87) “Draft” means the difference in pressure between two (2) points that causes air or gases to flow;
88. (88) “Dry pipe separator” means a closed pipe perforated at the top with drain holes on the bottom that remove moisture from the steam;
89. (89) “Duplex strainers” means strainers that remove solid particles from the fuel oil in fuel oil systems;
90. (90) “Economizer” uses the gases of combustion to heat the feedwater;
91. (91) “Element” means a basic substance consisting of atoms;
92. (92) “Enthalpy” means the total heat in the steam;
93. (93) “Erosion” means the wearing away of metal caused by wet steam;
94. (94) “Equalizing line” means the line used to warm up the main steam line and equalize the pressure around the main steam stop valve;
95. (95) “Evaporation test” means the test that checks the operation of the low-water fuel cutoff;
96. (96) “Excess air” means air more than the theoretical amount of air needed for combustion;
97. (97) “Exhauster” discharges a mixture of coal and warm air to the burner;
98. (98) “Expansion bends” are bends installed on boiler main steam lines to allow for expansion and contraction of the lines;
99. (99) “External treatment” means boiler water treated before it enters the boiler to remove scale-forming salts, oxygen, and noncondensable gases;
100. (100) “Extraction steam” means steam that is extracted from a steam turbine at a controlled pressure for process;
101. (101) “Factor of evaporation” means a correction factor used to determine boiler horsepower;
102. (102) “Feathering” means that point when a safety valve is about to lift;
103. (103) “Feedwater” means water that is supplied to the steam boiler;
104. (104) “Feedwater heater” means a heater used to heat feedwater before it enters the steam and water drum;
105. (105) “Feedwater lines” means lines leaving the open feedwater pump and going to the boiler;
106. (106) “Feedwater pump” means the pump that takes water from the open feedwater heater and delivers it to the boiler at the proper pressure;
107. (107) “Feedwater regulator” means the control used to maintain an NOWL that cuts down the danger of high or low water;

108. (108)

     1. (A) “Feedwater treatment” is treatment that can be internal, using chemicals, or external, using water softeners.
     2. (B) “Feedwater treatment” protects boiler from scale and corrosion;
109. (109) “Field-erected boiler” means a boiler that must be erected in the field because of its size and complexity;
110. (110) “Fire point” means the temperature at which fuel oil burns continuously when exposed to an open flame;
111. (111) “Firebox” means the part of the boiler where combustion of fuel takes place;
112. (112) “Fire tube boiler” is the boiler that has heat and gases of combustion passing through tubes surrounded by water;
113. (113) “Firing rate” means the amount of fuel the burner is capable of burning in a given unit of time;
114. (114) “Fittings” means trim found on the boiler that is used for safety and/or efficiency;
115. (115) “Flame failure” means when the flame in the furnace goes out;
116. (116) “Flame scanner” means the device found on a boiler that proves pilot and main flame;
117. (117) “Flareback” means flames discharging from the boiler through access doors or ports caused by delayed ignition or furnace pressure buildup;
118. (118) “Flash economizer” means a heat recovery system used to reclaim the heat from the boiler blowdown water and used in conjunction with the continuous blowdown system;
119. (119) “Flash point” means the temperature at which fuel oil, when heated, produces a vapor that flashes when exposed to an open flame;
120. (120) “Flash steam” means steam created when water at a high temperature has a sudden drop in pressure;
121. (121) “Flash tank” means a tank used with a continuous blowdown system to recover the flash steam from the water being removed from the steam and water drum;
122. (122) “Flat gauge glass” means a type of gauge glass used for pressure over two hundred fifty pounds per square inch (250 psi);
123. (123) “Flexible joint” means a joint to allow for expansion and contraction of steam or water lines;
124. (124) “Flow meter” means a meter used to measure the flow of steam or water in the system;
125. (125) “Fly ash” means small particles of noncombustible material found in gases of combustion;
126. (126) “Fly ash precipitator” means an electric device that traps and holds fly ash until it is properly disposed of;

127. (127)

     1. (A) “Foaming” means rapid fluctuations of the boiler water level that can lead to priming or carryover.
     2. (B) “Foaming” is caused by impurities on the surface of the boiler water;
128. (128) “Forced draft” means a mechanical draft produced by a fan supplying air to the furnace;
129. (129) “Free-flowing drain” means the drain used to remove condensate from the main steam line;
130. (130) “Front header” means the header connected to the steam and water drum by downcomer nipples;

131. (131)

     1. (A) “Fuel oil heater” means the heater used to heat fuel oil so it can be pumped and is at the correct temperature for burning.
     2. (B) A “fuel oil heater” can be electric or steam;
132. (132) “Fuel oil pump” means the pump that takes fuel oil from the fuel oil tank and delivers it to the burner at the proper pressure;
133. (133) “Furnace explosion” is an explosion that occurs when fuel or combustible gas build up in the fire side of the boiler;
134. (134) “Furnace volume” means the amount of space available in a furnace to complete combustion;
135. (135) “Fyrite analyzer®” means the instrument used to measure the percentage of carbon dioxide in the gases of combustion;
136. (136) “Galvanometer” means the meter used to measure small electric currents;
137. (137) “Gas analyzer” means the analyzer used to analyze the gases of combustion to determine combustion efficiency;
138. (138) “Gas calorimeter” means the device used to determine the Btu content of natural gas;
139. (139) “Gas cock” means a manual quick-closing shutoff valve;
140. (140) “Gas leak detector” means the device used to locate gas leaks in a boiler room;
141. (141) “Gas mixing chamber” means the chamber where air and gas mix before they enter the furnace in low-pressure gas burners;
142. (142) “Gas pressure regulator” means the device used to supply gas to the burner at the required pressure needed for combustion of the gas;
143. (143) “Gases of combustion” means gases produced by the combustion process;

144. (144)

     1. (A) “Gate valve” means the valve used on boilers as the main steam stop valve that when open offers no restriction to flow.
     2. (B) The “gate valve” must be wide open or fully closed;
145. (145) “Gauge glass blowdown valve” means the valve used to remove any sludge and sediment from gauge glass lines;
146. (146) “Gauge pressure” means the pressure above atmospheric pressure that is read on a pressure gauge and is recorded as psi or psig;

147. (147)

     1. (A) “Globe valve” means the valve used to take a piece of equipment out of service for maintenance.
     2. (B) The “globe valve” is used in conjunction with a bypass line and bypass valve;
148. (148) “Grade” refers to the size, heating value, and ash content of coal;
149. (149) “Grates” means where the combustion process starts in a coal-fired furnace;
150. (150) “Handhole” means a part found on both fire tube and water tube boilers that is removed when cleaning the water side of the boiler;
151. (151) “Heat energy” means kinetic energy caused by molecular motion within a substance;
152. (152) “Heat exchanger” means any piece of equipment where heat is transferred from one (1) substance to another;
153. (153) “Heat recovery system” means equipment that is installed to reclaim heat that is normally lost during the blowdown process;
154. (154) “Heat transfer” means movement of heat from one (1) substance to another that can be accomplished by radiant conduction or convection;
155. (155) “Heating boilers” means boilers used exclusively for low-pressure steam heating, hot water heating, and hot water supply;
156. (156) “Heating surface” means that part of the boiler that has heat and gases of combustion on one (1) side and water on the other;

157. (157)

     1. (A) “Heating value” means the value expressed in Btus per gallon or per pound.
     2. (B) “Heating value” varies with the type of fuel used;

158. (158)

     1. (A) “High and low-water alarm” means the alarm that warns the operator of high or low water.
     2. (B) The “high and low-water alarm” is found inside the water column;
159. (159) “High fire” means the point of the firing cycle when the burner is burning the maximum amount of fuel per unit of time;
160. (160) “High-pressure steam boiler” means a boiler that operates at a steam pressure over fifteen pounds per square inch (15 psi) and over six (6) boiler horsepower;
161. (161) “Horizontal return tubular boiler” means the type of fire tube boiler that consists of a drum suspended over the firebox;
162. (162) “Hot well” means a reservoir located at the bottom of a condenser where condensate collects;
163. (163) “Huddling chamber” means the part on a safety valve that increases the area of the safety valve disc, thus increasing the total upward force, causing the valve to pop open;
164. (164) “Hydraulic coupling” means the coupling between the drive element and fan or pump;
165. (165) “Hydrogen” means the basic element present in gas, coal, and fuel oil;
166. (166) “Hydrostatic pressure” means pressure per vertical foot, four hundred thirty-three thousandths (.433), exerted at the base of a column of water;
167. (167) “Hydrostatic test” means the water test made on a PRI after repair work on the steam or water side or overheating of boiler metal;
168. (168) “Ignition” means the lightoff point of a combustible material;
169. (169) “Ignition arch” means the arch made of refractory material that absorbs the heat from the fire and radiates it back to the green coal;
170. (170) “Impeller” means the rotating element found in a centrifugal pump that converts centrifugal force into pressure;
171. (171) “Impingement (fuel oil)” means fuel oil striking brickwork or the boiler heating surface that results in formation of carbon deposits and smoke;
172. (172) “Impingement (steam)” means steam that strikes the boiler heating surface, causing erosion of boiler metal;
173. (173) “Incomplete combustion” means combustion that occurs when all the fuel is not burned, resulting in the formation of smoke and soot;
174. (174) “Induced draft” means draft that is produced mechanically using a fan located between the boiler and the chimney;
175. (175) “Infrared” means invisible light rays produced by the combustion process and detected by a flame scanner;
176. (176) “Installer” means a person, firm, or corporation which sets up or adjusts for service any mechanical device, apparatus, or pressure vessel;
177. (177) “Instrument (boiler)” means the device that measures, indicates, records, and controls boiler room systems;
178. (178) “Insulation” means material used to cover steam, water, and fuel oil lines to cut down on radiant heat losses;
179. (179) “Integrator” means a calculating device used on differential-pressure flow meters to determine hourly or daily flow rates;
180. (180) “Interlock” means a device used with burner controls to ensure proper operating sequence;
181. (181) “Internal feedwater line” means the perforated line located at the NOWL in the boiler that distributes the relatively cool feedwater over a large area to prevent thermal shock to the boiler metal;
182. (182) “Internal furnace” means the furnace that is located within the boiler and is surrounded by water in the scotch marine boiler;
183. (183) “Internal overflow” means a pipeline located in an open feedwater heater that prevents the water level from exceeding a fixed level and flooding the system;
184. (184) “Internal treatment” means the addition of chemicals directly into the boiler water to control pitting, scale, and caustic embrittlement;
185. (185) “Ion (zeolite) exchanger” means the water softener that uses zeolite to soften water for use in the boiler;
186. (186) “Jobber” means one who deals as a wholesaler or one who does work by the job;
187. (187) “Lighting off” means the ignition of the fuel;
188. (188) “Lignite” means coal with a low heating value (Btu content) and a high moisture content;
189. (189) “Lime-soda process” means a process that uses lime and soda ash to soften water;
190. (190) “Live steam” means steam that leaves the boiler directly without having its pressure reduced in process operations;
191. (191) “Low fire” means the point of firing cycle where burner is burning the minimum amount of fuel per unit of time;
192. (192) “Low-pressure steam boiler” means boilers that operate at a steam pressure of no more than fifteen pounds per square inch (15 psi);
193. (193) “Low water” means whenever the water level in the gauge glass is below the NOWL;
194. (194) “Low-water fuel cutoff” means a device located a little below the NOWL that shuts off the boiler burner in the event of low water, preventing burning out of tubes and possible boiler explosion;
195. (195) “Main header” means that part of the system which connects boilers in battery and then distributes the steam to wherever it is needed;
196. (196) “Main steam stop valve” means the valve or valves found on the main steam line leaving the boiler;

197. (197) “Makeup water” means water that must be added to the boiler to make up for:

     1. (A) Leaks in the system;
     2. (B) Water that is lost through boiler blowdowns; or
     3. (C) Condensate that is dumped because of contamination;
198. (198) “Malleable iron” means iron used for construction of water columns in boilers carrying a pressure between two hundred fifty pounds per square inch (250 psi) and three hundred fifty pounds per square inch (350 psi);
199. (199) “Manhole” means the opening found on the steam and water side of a boiler that is used for cleaning and inspection of the boiler;
200. (200) “Manometer” means the instrument used to measure boiler draft;
201. (201) “Manual reset valve” means the valve used to secure the gas in the event of a low water condition or a pilot flame failure on a low-pressure gas system;
202. (202) “Master control” means the unit that receives the primary signal and relays signals to individual control units;
203. (203) “MAWP (maximum allowable working pressure)” means the maximum allowable working pressure as determined by the design and construction of the boiler in conformance with the code of construction;
204. (204) “Mercury switch” means the switch in which the movement of mercury in a capsule controls the flow of electricity in a circuit;
205. (205) “Mica” means the material used to protect the flat gauge glass from the etching action of steam and water;
206. (206) “Microprocessor” means the computer acting as a flame-monitoring device that programs the burner, blower motor, ignition, and fuel valves to provide for safe burner operation;
207. (207) “Modulating motor” means the motor that receives signals from the modulating pressure control and repositions the air to fuel ratio linkage;
208. (208) “Modulating pressure control” means the control located at the highest part of the steam side of the boiler that sends a signal to the modulating motor that controls firing rate;
209. (209) “Mud drum” means the drum at the lowest part of the water side of a water tube boiler;
210. (210) “Multiple-pass boiler” means boilers that are equipped with baffles to direct the flow of the gases of combustion so that the gases make more than one (1) pass over the heating surfaces;
211. (211) “Natural draft” means the draft caused by the difference in weight between a column of hot gases of combustion inside the chimney and a column of cold air of the same height outside the chimney;
212. (212) “Natural gas” means a combustible gas found in pockets trapped underground that consists mainly of methane;
213. (213) “Nonadhering sludge” means residue formed in a boiler when scale-forming salts are created by adding feedwater chemicals;
214. (214) “Noncondensable gases” means gases found in boiler makeup water (oxygen) and in condensate returns;
215. (215) “Nonvolatile” means any substance not easily vaporized under average temperature;
216. (216) “NOWL (normal operating water level)”means water level carried in the boiler gauge glass during normal operation (approximately one-third (1/3) to one-half (1/2) glass);
217. (217) “Oil separator” means a device that removes oil from the exhaust steam before it enters the open feedwater heater;
218. (218) “Operating range” means a range that must be set when using an ON/OFF combustion control in order to prevent extremes in firing rate;
219. (219) “Operator”. See “boiler operator”, subdivision (28) of this section;
220. (220) “Orifice plate” means the plate with a fixed opening that is installed in a pipeline to give a certain pressure drop across the opening where liquid or steam is flowing;
221. (221) “Orsat analyzer” means a flue gas analyzer that measures the percentage of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and carbon monoxide in the gases of combustion;

222. (222)

     1. (A) “Outside stem and yoke valve (OS&Y)” means the valve that shows by the position of the stem whether it is open or closed.
     2. (B) The “outside stem and yoke valve” is used as boiler main steam stop valves;

223. (223)

     1. (A) “Overfeed stoker” means air introduced over the fire to aid in complete combustion.
     2. (B) “Overfeed stoker” is used mostly when burning soft coal that has a high volatile content;
224. (224) “Package boiler” means a boiler that comes completely assembled with its own feedwater pumps, fuel system, and draft fans;
225. (225) “Packing gland” means a device that holds packing or seals in place on valves and pumps to minimize leakage;

226. (226)

     1. (A) “Perfect combustion” means the burning of all the fuel with the theoretical amount of air.
     2. (B) “Perfect combustion” can only be achieved in a laboratory;

227. (227)

     1. (A) “Periodic attendance” means that a boiler operator must inspect the boiler for proper operation every four (4) hours to take and record any required readings.
     2. (B) The boiler is equipped with the usual local operating and safety devices which include alarm lights and buzzers.

     3. (C) In addition, there must be remotely actuated alarm devices to detect:

        1. (i) Low water condition;
        2. (ii) Over pressure condition (set to operate before the safety valve operates); and
        3. (iii) Loss of operating boiler;
228. (228) “Pilot” means the device used to ignite fuel at the proper time in a firing cycle;
229. (229) “Pipeline heater” means the electric heater attached to the fuel oil line in order to maintain proper fuel oil temperature (viscosity) for moving fuel oil;
230. (230) “Pneumatic system” means a system of control that uses air as the operating medium;
231. (231) “Pneumercator” means a fuel oil level indicating device that gives a direct reading in gallons;
232. (232) “Popping pressure” means the predetermined pressure at which a safety valve opens and remains open until the pressure drops;

233. (233)

     1. (A) “Pop-type safety valve” means a valve with a predetermined popping pressure.
     2. (B) A “pop-type safety valve” is commonly found on steam boilers;
234. (234) “Positioning controller” means a control that regulates air and fuel going to a boiler furnace;
235. (235) “Postpurge” means the passing of air through a furnace after normal burner shutdown;
236. (236) “Pour point” means the lowest temperature at which fuel oil flows as a liquid;
237. (237) “Prepurge” means the passing of air through a furnace prior to lightoff;
238. (238) “Pressure control” is the control attached to the highest part of the steam side of a boiler to control its operating range;

239. (239)

     1. (A) “Pressure gauge” means a gauge calibrated in pounds per square inch.
     2. (B) A “pressure gauge” is used to indicate various pressures in the system;
240. (240) “Pressure-reducing governor” is a device used on low-pressure gas burner systems to reduce the gas pressure to zero pounds per square inch (0 psi);
241. (241) “Pressure-reducing station” means the station where higher pressure steam is reduced in pressure for plant process;
242. (242) “PRI” means pressure-retaining item;
243. (243) “Primary air” means air supplied to the burner that regulates the rate of combustion;
244. (244) “Process steam” means steam used in the plant for manufacturing purposes;
245. (245) “Products of combustion” means gases that are formed as a fuel is burned in the furnace;
246. (246) “Programmer” means the control that puts the burner through a firing cycle;
247. (247) “Proportioning chemical feed pump” means a pump that can be adjusted to feed chemicals to a boiler over a twenty-four-hour period;
248. (248) “Proving pilot” means sighting the pilot through the scanner to verify that the pilot is lit;
249. (249) “Proximate analysis” means an analysis that provides information regarding moisture content, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and ash content of coal;
250. (250) “psi (pounds per square inch)” means the unit of measurement used to express the amount of pressure present in a given structure or system;
251. (251) “Pulverizing mill” means a mill that grinds coal to the consistency of talcum powder before it is delivered to the furnace, where it burns in suspension;
252. (252) “Pump controller” means the pump that starts and stops a feedwater pump, depending on the water level in the boiler;
253. (253) “Purge period” means the period before ignition and after burner shutdown when explosive combustibles are removed;
254. (254) “Pyrometer” means the high-pressure thermocouple used to measure furnace temperatures;

255. (255)

     1. (A) “Quality of steam” means the term used to express the moisture content present in saturated steam.
     2. (B) “Quality of steam” effects the Btu content of the steam;
256. (256) “Quick-closing valve” means a valve that requires a one-quarter (1/4) turn to be fully open or closed;
257. (257) “Radiant superheater” means a nest of tubes that the saturated steam passes through to acquire heat;
258. (258) “Rank” means a term that refers to how hard the coal is;
259. (259) “Rate of combustion” means the amount of fuel that is being burned in the furnace per unit of time;
260. (260) “Raw water” means untreated water from wells or city water lines;

261. (261)

     1. (A) “Rear header” means the header found on straight-tube water tube boilers.
     2. (B) The “rear header” is connected to the front header by water tubes;
262. (262) “Reciprocating pump” means the positive-displacement pump used to pump liquids;
263. (263) “Recorder” means an instrument that records data such as pressures and temperatures over a period of time;
264. (264) “Refractory” means brickwork used in boiler furnaces and for boiler baffles;

265. (265)

     1. (A) “Regular attendance” means that an operator must inspect the boiler for proper operation and take any required readings once each hour.
     2. (B) The boiler must be equipped with local operating and safety devices and should have local alarm lights and buzzers;
266. (266) “Relief valve” means the valve used to protect liquid systems from excessive pressure;
267. (267) “Reset” means the switch that must be reset manually after tripping;
268. (268) “Retort” means the space below the grates of an underfeed stoker;
269. (269) “Ringelmann” means the chart used as a means of determining smoke density;
270. (270) “Rivets” means fasteners used to connect steel plates;
271. (271) “Rotometer” means the variable-area flow meter that measures the flow of a fluid;
272. (272) “Safety valve blowdown” means the drop in pressure between popping pressure and reseating pressure (usually two to eight pounds per square inch (2 psi – 8 psi) below popping pressure;
273. (273) “Safety valve capacity” means the capacity measured in pounds of steam per hour safety valves can discharge;
274. (274) “Saturated steam” means the steam at a temperature that corresponds with its pressure;
275. (275) “Scale” means the deposits caused by improper boiler water treatment;
276. (276) “Scale-forming salts” means salts such as calcium carbonate and magnesium carbonate that when in solution tend to form a hard, brittle scale on hot surfaces;

277. (277)

     1. (A) “Scanner” means the device that monitors the pilot and main flame of the furnace.
     2. (B) The “scanner” is used to prove the pilot flame and the main flame;
278. (278) “School” includes all public and private school systems, as well as public and private colleges, universities, and technical schools;
279. (279) “Scotch marine boiler” means a fire tube boiler with an internal furnace;
280. (280) “Secondary air” means air needed to complete the combustion process;
281. (281) “Sediment” means particles of foreign matter present in boiler water;
282. (282) “Shear stress” means stress that occurs when two (2) forces of equal intensity act parallel to each other but in opposite directions;

283. (283)

     1. (A) “Sinuous header” means a header found on water tube boilers.
     2. (B) Tubes are expanded, rolled, and beaded into front and rear headers;
284. (284) “Siphon” means a protective device used between the steam and Bourdon tube in a steam pressure gauge;
285. (285) “Slow-opening valve” means a valve that requires five (5) full turns of its hand wheel to be fully open or closed;
286. (286) “Sludge” means accumulation residue produced from impurities in water;

287. (287)

     1. (A) “Smoke density” varies from clear to dark.
     2. (B) “Smoke density” is determined by the amount of light that passes through the smoke as it leaves the boiler;
288. (288) “Smoke indicator” means an indicating or recording device that shows the density of the smoke leaving the chimney;
289. (289) “Solenoid valve” means an electromagnetic valve positioned open or closed;
290. (290) “Solid state” means an electronic system using transistors in place of electronic tubes;
291. (291) “Soot” means carbon deposits resulting from incomplete combustion;

292. (292)

     1. (A) “Soot blowers” are blowers used to remove soot from around tubes to increase boiler efficiency.
     2. (B) “Soot blowers” are mostly found on water tube boilers;
293. (293) “Spalling” means hairline cracks in boiler brickwork (refractory) due to changes in furnace temperature;
294. (294) “Spontaneous combustion” occurs when combustible materials self-ignite;
295. (295) “State Special” means a boiler or fired/unfired pressure vessel of any type or size, which carries neither the ASME symbol nor the National Board of Boiler and Pressure Vessel Inspectors stamping, and which has been accepted by the Boiler Inspection Division and assigned an Arkansas state number;
296. (296) “Staybolts” means the bolts used in boilers to reinforce flat surfaces to prevent bulging;
297. (297) “Steam and water drum” means the pressure vessel in a steam boiler that contains both steam and water;
298. (298) “Steam boiler” means a closed pressure vessel in which water is converted to steam by the application of heat;
299. (299) “Steambound” means the condition that occurs when the temperature in the open feedwater heater gets too high and the feedwater pump cannot deliver water to the boiler;

300. (300)

     1. (A) “Steam separator” means the device used to increase the quality of steam.
     2. (B) The “steam separator” is found in the steam and water drum;
301. (301) “Steam space” means the space above the water line in the steam and water drum;
302. (302) “Steam strainer” means the strainer used before steam traps and turbine throttle valves to remove solid impurities;
303. (303) “Steam trap” means an automatic device that removes gases and condensate from steam lines and heat exchangers without the loss of steam;
304. (304) “Steam turbine” means the turbine used to drive boiler auxiliaries or generators in large plants;
305. (305) “Stopcock” means a quick-opening or closing valve usually found on gas lines;
306. (306) “Strip chart” means the recording chart that records temperatures and pressures in the system;
307. (307) “Suction pressure” means the pressure on the liquid at the suction side of a pump;
308. (308) “Sulfur” means a combustible element found in coal and fuel oil;
309. (309) “Superheated steam” means steam at a temperature above its corresponding pressure;
310. (310) “Superheater” means a heater used to increase the amount of heat in the steam;

311. (311)

     1. (A) “Superheater drain” means the valve found on the superheater header outlet.
     2. (B) The “superheater drain” is used to maintain flow throughout the superheater during start-up and shutdown;
312. (312) “Super-jet safety valve” means the valve set to open at a predetermined pressure;
313. (313) “Surface blowdown valve” means the valve used to remove impurities from the surface of the water in a steam and water drum;
314. (314) “Surface condenser” means a shell-and-tube vessel used to reduce the exhaust pressure on the outlet end of turbines or engines;
315. (315) “Surface tension” means the tension caused by impurities on the top of the water in the steam and water drum;
316. (316) “Suspension sling” means the sling used to support the drum of the HRT boiler;
317. (317) “Synchronize” means to balance out combustion controls before switching to automatic;

318. (318)

     1. (A) “Tensile stress” means stress which occurs when two (2) forces of equal intensity act on an object, pulling in opposite directions.
     2. (B) “Tensile stress” affects boiler plates and staybolts;

319. (319)

     1. (A) “Therm” means a unit used to measure Btu content of natural gas.
     2. (B) A “therm” has one hundred thousand British thermal units (100,000 Btus);
320. (320) “Thermal efficiency” means the ratio of the heat absorbed by the boiler to the heat available in the fuel per unit of time;
321. (321) “Thermocouple” means a device used to measure temperatures in the system and send them back to a recording chart;

322. (322)

     1. (A) “Thermometer” means an instrument used to measure temperature (degree of heat).
     2. (B) A “thermometer” is calibrated in degrees Celsius or degrees Fahrenheit;
323. (323) “Through stays” means stays found on fire tube boilers (HRT and scotch marine) to keep front and rear tube sheets from bulging;
324. (324) “Total force” means the total pressure that is acting on an area, determined by diameter and pressure;
325. (325) “Totalizer” means the dial that determines hourly or daily flow rates;
326. (326) “Try cocks” means a secondary way of determining the water level;
327. (327) “Tube brushes” means brushes used in fire tube boilers to remove soot from inside of tubes;
328. (328) “Tube sheet” means tubes that are rolled, expanded, and beaded into front and rear tube sheets of HRT and scotch marine boilers and upper and lower tube sheets of vertical fire tube boilers;
329. (329) “Tubular gauge glass” means a round gauge glass used for pressures up to and including two hundred fifty pounds per square inch (250 psi);

330. (330)

     1. (A) “Turbine stages” means that part of the turbine where steam gives up its energy to the turbine blades.
     2. (B) As the steam pressure drops, the stages (blades) become larger;
331. (331) “Turbulence” means movement of water in the steam and water drum;
332. (332) “Ultimate analysis” means the analysis to determine the elements present in a coal sample;
333. (333) “Ultraviolet” means a form of light that is produced during combustion;
334. (334) “Underfeed stoker” means a coal-firing system that introduces the coal under the fire;

335. (335)

     1. (A) “U-tube manometer” means a manometer filled with mercury and used to measure vacuum.
     2. (B) “U-tube manometers” are calibrated in inches;
336. (336) “Vacuum” means a pressure below atmospheric pressure;
337. (337) “Vacuum gauge” means a pressure gauge used to measure pressure below the atmosphere that is calibrated in inches of mercury;
338. (338) “Valve flow meter” means a meter that measures flow of a substance by the movement of a piston in a valve caused by resistance to flow of the substance;
339. (339) “Vaporstat” means a control with a large diaphragm that makes it highly sensitive to low pressure;
340. (340) “Variable-area flow meter” means a meter that measures the flow of a substance by how much resistance is created by a float or piston which changes the area (size) of the flow path;
341. (341) “Variance” means a petition presented in writing to the Chief Inspector of the Boiler Inspection Division for consideration of a noncode boiler or pressure vessel to be installed and used within the State of Arkansas;
342. (342) “Vent condenser” means a device that removes oxygen and other noncondensable gases in a deaerating feedwater heater;
343. (343) “Venturi” means a constricting device used in pipelines to measure flow;

344. (344)

     1. (A) “Vertical fire tube boiler” means a one-pass boiler that has fire tubes in a vertical position.
     2. (B) “Vertical fire tube boilers” are classified as wet-top or dry-top;
345. (345) “Warping” means the bending or distortion of boiler or superheater tubes, usually caused by overheating;

346. (346)

     1. (A) “Water column” means the column which reduces fluctuations of boiler water to obtain a better reading of the water level in the boiler gauge glass.
     2. (B) The “water column” is located at the NOWL;
347. (347) “Water column blowdown valve” means the valve on the bottom of the water column used to remove sludge and sediment that might collect at the bottom of the water column;
348. (348) “Water hammer” means a banging condition that is caused by steam and water mixing in a steam line;
349. (349) “Water softening” means the removal of scale-forming salts from water;
350. (350) “Water tube boiler” means the boiler that has water in the tubes with heat and gases of combustion around the tubes;
351. (351) “Waterwall” means the vertical or horizontal tubes found in the furnace area of water tube boilers that lengthen the life of the refractory;
352. (352) “Waterwall blowdown valve” means the approved valve used to remove sludge and sediment from waterwalls and waterwall headers;
353. (353) “Weight-type alarm whistle” means the alarm whistle which signals high or low water by the gain or loss of buoyancy of weights in water within the water column;
354. (354) “Windbox (plenum chamber)” means the pressurized air chamber that supplies air to a furnace; and
355. (355) “Zeolite” means a resin material that is used in the process of softening water.