The following acts constitute fouls:

1. (1) Intentionally head-butting an opponent;
2. (2) Intentionally gouging or poking an opponent’s eye;
3. (3) Biting;
4. (4) Hair pulling;
5. (5) Fish hooking;
6. (6) Groin attacks;
7. (7) Putting a finger into any orifice, cut, or laceration;
8. (8) Small joint manipulation;
9. (9) Striking the spine or the back of the head;

10. (10)

    1. (A) Amateurs in MMA cannot elbow or knee to the head in any position.
    2. (B) Elbows or knees to the head are not considered a foul in professional MMA, excepting that in no case can elbows be thrown in a clock-face 12-6 motion (vertical strike);
11. (11) Throat strikes including, without limitation, squeezing the trachea;
12. (12) Clawing, pinching, or twisting the flesh;
13. (13) Grabbing the clavicle;
14. (14) Kicking the head of a grounded opponent;
15. (15) Kneeing the head of a grounded opponent;
16. (16) Stomping a grounded opponent;
17. (17) Kicking to the kidney with the heel;
18. (18) Spiking the head or neck of an opponent to the floor of the ring or cage;
19. (19) Intentionally throwing an opponent out of the ring or cage;
20. (20) Holding or grabbing the shorts or gloves of an opponent;
21. (21) Spitting at an opponent;
22. (22) Engaging in unsportsmanlike conduct;
23. (23) Holding the ropes or fencing of the cage;
24. (24) Attacking an opponent on or during the break;
25. (25) Attacking an opponent under the care of the referee;
26. (26) Attacking an opponent after the bell has sounded the end of the round;
27. (27) Flagrantly disregarding the referee’s instructions;
28. (28) Timidity, including, without limitation, nondefensive avoidance of contact with an opponent;
29. (29) Intentionally or repeatedly dropping or spitting out the mouthpiece;
30. (30) Faking an injury;
31. (31) If in an amateur bout, any elbow strike or knee strike to the head or neck; and
32. (32) If in an amateur bout, any neck cranks or techniques designed to hyperextend, manipulate or attack the spine or neck.

Codification Notes: "MMA" means mixed martial arts.