1. (a) For the purposes of this section, the following terms have the following meanings, unless the context requires otherwise:

   1. (1) BOVINE. Any buffalo, bison, cattle, or oxen.

   2. (2) BOVINE ACTIVITY. Any activity involving one or more bovine, including, but not limited to, any of the following:

      1. a. Grazing, herding, feeding, branding, milking, or other activity that involves the care or maintenance of a bovine.
      2. b. A bovine auction or production sale.
      3. c. A bovine show, fair, or competition.
      4. d. Bovine training or teaching activities.
      5. e. Boarding a bovine.
      6. f. Riding, inspecting, or evaluating a bovine.
   3. (3) BOVINE OWNER. Any person with ownership rights to a bovine.

   4. (4) INHERENT RISK OF A BOVINE ACTIVITY. A danger or condition that is an integral part of a bovine activity, including, but not limited to, any of the following:

      1. a. The propensity of a bovine to behave in ways that may result in injury, loss, damage, or death to a person on or around the bovine.
      2. b. The unpredictability of a bovine’s reaction to sounds, sudden movements, and unfamiliar objects, individuals, and other animals.
      3. c. Certain hazards on a property, such as surface and subsurface conditions.
      4. d. Collisions with other bovines or nonmotorized objects.
   5. (5) PERSON. An individual, corporation, or any other legal entity.

2. (b)

   1. (1) A bovine owner shall not be liable for any injury, loss, damage, or death of a person resulting from an inherent risk of a bovine activity.
   2. (2) Except as provided in subsection (c), no person shall make any claim against, maintain an action against, or recover from a bovine owner for injury, loss, damage, or death of a person resulting from an inherent risk of a bovine activity.

3. (c)

   1. (1) Subsection (b) shall not be construed to prevent or limit the liability of a bovine owner if the owner does any of the following:

      1. a. Fails to post and maintain a warning sign pursuant to subsection (d).
      2. b. Commits an act or omission that constitutes willful or wanton disregard for the safety of a person, and that act or omission causes the injury, loss, damage, or death of a person.
      3. c. Has actual knowledge of the dangerous propensity of a particular bovine that is not open and obvious, does not make the danger known to a person, and the danger proximately causes injury, sickness, damage, or death to the person.
   2. (2) Article 2 of Chapter 15 of Title 35 shall not apply to a bovine owner if injury, loss, damage, or death of a person results from an inherent risk of a bovine activity.

4. (d)

   1. (1) This section shall not apply unless a bovine owner posts and maintains a sign that contains the warning notice specified in subdivision (2). The sign shall be placed in a clearly visible location on or near a stable, corral, fence, enclosure, or arena where the owner conducts bovine activities. The warning notice shall appear in black letters, with each letter being a minimum of one inch in height.

   2. (2) The sign described in subdivision (1) shall contain the following warning notice:

      “WARNING”

      “Under Alabama Law, a bovine owner is not liable for any injury, loss, damage, or death of a person resulting from the inherent risks of bovine activities.”

(Act 2024-286, §1.)