Zwick v. Johns

89 Iowa 550 | Iowa | 1893

Kinne, J.

cedents: eiecto°taSe tome-stead. The facts of this case, disclosed by the pleadings and evidence, are that one John R. Smith died on May 28, 1882, seized of eighty acres of land m Cherokee county, Iowa. He left a widow, Hen a A. Smith, and four minor children. At the time of his death, and for several years prior thereto, Smith and' his family had lived upon and occupied said premises as their homestead. After his death the widow and children continued to occupy said land as a homestead until the fall of 1883, when the widow married one Joseph Prinkey. After that they all occupied said premises as their home until early in 1888, when they sold all of their personal property, except bedding, and went to Freeport, Illinois, and none of them ever returned to this state. Mrs. Prinkey died at Freeport in the fall of 1888, leaving surviving her the four said minors and her husband. The plaintiff was appointed in this state as the guardian of said minors, and brings this action to restrain the defendant from interfering with his possession of the premises in question. Mrs. Prinkey and her husband, prior to leaving Iowa, became indebted to the defendant. He reduced his claim to judgment, caused an execution to issue thereon, and thereunder sold an undivided one third of said eighty acres of land, and in due time received a sheriff’s deed therefor. It is averred in the petition that Mrs. Prinkey never elected to take any portion of said land as her property in fee simple, but occupied the same as a homestead. The answer denies that allegation of the petition, and alleges that prior to the levy of the defendant’s attachment Mrs. Prinkey and her husband had abandoned the premises as a.homestead. It is also claimed that the defendant acted thereon, and without any notice of any claim of a homestead right by either Mrs. Prinkey or her husband. ■ That the defendant, in good faith, purchased the land at execution sale, and that thereby the plaintiff is estopped to claim the same.

The facts touching the alleged abandonment of the homestead are that in 1884 the widow filed her petition in the circuit court of Cherokee county, asking to have her distributive share in said real estate set off to her; that afterwards she changed her mind, and abandoned said proceedings, and determined to occupy the homestead in lieu of such distributive share; that she so told her counsel and various relatives; that in August, 1887, she and her husband quitclaimed all their right and interest in the land to one Groff, said deed being in fact made as security for a debt. At the same time they, executed a mortgage on the unassigned dower interest of Mrs. Prinkey in the eighty acres to the same party to secure the payment of a note. In the spring of 1888, Mrs. Prinkey was suffering from disease to such an extent as to be unable to perform her work upon the farm, and she, acting in her own right and as guardian, leased the land to Joseph M. Smith for a term of two years. The family then disposed of all their personal property, except bedding, and went to Freeport, with the intention of having Mrs. Prinkey placed under medical treatment, and expecting and intending, when she recovered, and at the termination of the lease, to return to and again occupy the farm as their homestead. While in Freeport she grew worse, and died in the fall of 1888. During her stay in Free-port, and but an hour before she died, she told one Ball, to whom she had become indebted, that she would give him a mortgage on her interest in this land to secure him. The mortgage was never executed.

I. Two questions are presented for our determination: First, did the acts of Mrs. Prinkey show an election on her part to take a homestead in the land in lieu of her distributive share? and, second, if she did so elect, did she afterward abandon the homestead? Under Code, section 2440, Mrs. Prinkey became entitled to have set apart to her as the widow of Smith one third in value of the land of which he died seized. Under section 2007 she had the right to continue to occupy the homestead until it was otherwise disposed of according to law; and under section 2008 she might elect to retain the homestead for life in lieu of her distributive share in her deceased husband’s real estate. Now, what acts will constitute such an election? We do not deem it necessary to review the many cases touching this question, for the reason that this court, in a recent case, has, after full consideration of them, established a rule, which we think is well supported in reason and authority, as to. what occupancy of the homestead will be considered an election to take a homestead for life in lieu of a distributive share. This rule as laid down in Egbert v. Egbert, 85 Iowa, 525, is that when, under all the circumstances, the survivor has occupied the homestead for a reasonable time in which to make an election under the statute, and has failed to have the distributive share set apart, or otherwise made an election, the presumption of an election from such occupancy arises. Such presumption will then prevail, unless overcome by proof showing election to the contrary. Under this rule it must be held that the surviving wife in this case had elected to retain the homestead for life in lieu of her distributive share of her deceased husband Smith’s estate. Smith died in May, 1882. There was at that time nothing in the physical condition of his surviving wife, nor in her surroundings, which in any way prevented her exercising her election within a reasonable time after his death. She remarried in 1883, and occupied the premises as a homestead until February, 1888, and was in fact thereafter in the possession and occupancy of the premises by her tenant until her death in the fall of the same year. She had once begun proceedings to have her distributive share set apart to her, but had changed her mind, and abandoned them. She had executed a deed of the premises as security. She executed a mortgage on her undivided share to secure a debt, and just before her death she proposed to mortgage her interest in the land. Are such facts sufficient to show an election contrary to that presumed from her occupancy of the land for six years after her husband’s death! We think not. The fact that she had at once commenced proceedings to have her share set apart to her, and had abandoned the same, after being fully advised of her rights, and determined to retain her homestead right is'a cogent reason for believing that she did not thereafter, even by executing the deed and mortgage, intend to take a distributive share. It must be remembered, when these 'instruments were executed she was in feeble health; it was only about a year before her death. Nor do we give much weight to the fact that an hour before her death she was proposing to mortgage her interest in the land. Such, evidence, even if admissible, is of little force, inasmuch as it appears she was near dissolution, and not able to speak above a whisper. The evidence shows that after she abandoned the suit which she had commenced to have her distributive share set apart, she always expressed herself as intending to take the homestead; that she left the farm only because forced to do so by reason of ill health; that she leased it, acting for herself in the manner chosen. We can not review all of the evidence, but, from a careful examination of all of it, we are satisfied that the presumption of an election to take the homestead which arises from occupancy, has not been overcome by evidence of an election to take a distributive share. This case is clearly distinguishable from Wilcox v. Wilcox, ante, page 388. In that case an election to take the distributive share had in fact been made, and it was sought to withdraw it after the widow had mortgaged such share. It was held she could not. thus defeat the mortgage security.

2._: homedonment. II. Was the homestead abandoned? The evidence is without conflict that Mrs. Prinkey and the family intended to return, at least by the time the lease expired. The removal to Freeport was for a temporary purpose, to be treated for the disease with which Mrs. Prinkey was afflicted. There was a fixed and definite intention to return to the homestead, which was only defeated by the death of Mrs. Prinkey. We discover no sufficient evidence to show an abandonment. We need not cite cases, as the facts in each case are different, and each must, in a large measure, be determined upon its own facts.

s' execution : sale, estoppel. III. The decree below, finding title to the premises in controversy in the minor heirs of John R. Smith, as in all other respects, is correct. The claim of estoppel is without merit. There was evidence to show that the defendant was misled into doing any act in connection with acquiring a deed to the land by any act or statement of Mrs. Prinkey. The mere fact that he knew that she had leased the land and moved to another state, and that he was ignorant of any claim of homestead right therein, can not be held to work as an estoppel to the plaintiff’s claim. Affirmed.