112 P.R. Dec. 271 | Supreme Court of Puerto Rico | 1982
emitió la opinión del Tribunal.
El presente recurso proviene a este foro a través de una certificación de la Corte de Distrito de los Estados Unidos para el Distrito de Puerto Rico formulando varias inte-rrogantes que penden en un pleito basado en la trágica muerte acaecida a Leo Walter Zurkowsky el 5 de abril de 1973, víctima de las extensas quemaduras que recibiera en una explosión y fuego ocurrida en el sótano del Hotel El Palmar el día antes. La acción en daños fue promovida por sus hijos mayores de edad, Leo Joseph y Steven Robert Zurkowsky, sus nietos Leo Walter, David Alejandro y Walter Leo Zurkowsky, y la corporación que él presidía —El Palmar Hotel Corp.— contra Honeywell, Inc. y Petro-lane, Inc.
Específicamente el trámite de certificación se origina ante las dudas expresadas por el juez que presidía el juicio, Hon. Robert Grant, al resolver que no permitiría a los demandantes presentar testimonio pericial tendente a establecer la pérdida económica de los demandantes Leo J. y Steven Zurkowsky, quienes, a juicio de ese tribunal, debían demostrar: (1) que dependían de su padre a la fecha de su muerte; y (2) la cuantía de tales necesidades económicas.
De todas las preguntas formuladas hemos de resolver las primeras dos referentes al derecho
Los demandantes, descansando en Travieso v. Del Toro y Travieso, Int., 74 D.P.R. 1009 (1953), y Hernández v.
Reiteramos nuestra doctrina jurisprudencial que descarta -por su naturaleza eminentemente especulativa y conjetural- la compensaciOn por pérdida de herencia futura. Vda. de Valentín v. ELA, supra. Las expresiones previas contenidas en Orta v. P. R. Railway, L. & P. Co., 26 D.P.R. 743 (1927); Maldonado v. The Porto Rico Drug Co., 31 D.P.R. 747 (1923); y Travieso v. Del Toro, supra, deben considerarse calificadas por nuestras decisiones posteriores. El concepto de lucro cesante
En virtud de lo expuesto deben contestarse en Ia negativa las primeras dos interrogantes. Los hechos esti-pulados en el sentido de que los codemandantes Leo J. y Steven Robert Zurkowsky -hijos mayores de edad del occiso, casados- no dependian de el en forma alguna nos ilevan a concluir que no tienen una causa de acciOn válida basada en "lucro cesante".
Se dictará la correspondiente sentencia y se remitirá a la Corte de Distrito de los Estados Unidos para el Distrito de Puerto Rico.
Rezan:
“Under the Laws of the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico.
In an action for wrongful death,
(1) What is the compensation to which the heirs of the decedent are entitled, when said two sons of the decedent, were of legal age, married, working and not dependent on the decedent at time of death, and where the widow, in a separate action pending before the Superior Court of Puerto Rico is claiming for loss of future income caused by the wrongful death?
(2) In a wrongful death action, are the adult sons of the decedent entitled to ‘lucrum cessans’ by reason of their father’s death, notwithstanding that said sons were not dependent upon the said deceased at the time of death?
(3) If the answer is in the affirmative, how may such ‘lucrum cessans’ be distributed between such adult sons, when neither can show that they effectively needed such support subsequent to their father’s death?
(4) In the event that at the time of death the decedent was married, in what proportion is the widow entitled to share with her adult sons?
(5) In the event that shortly prior to the decedent’s demise the widow had instituted an action for divorce against the decedent, but the proceedings thereof did not continue by reason of the husband’s death, is the widow still entitled to participate with her sons in the ‘lucrum cessans’ claim? If so, in what proportion?
(6) In a situation where the decedent was a self-employed businessman prior to his demise, are the Court and jury limited to an inquiry into the personal income tax returns of such decedent, or may they also consider the investments and other business transactions that the deceased made prior to his death and which may be considered a part of his general business transactions in order to assess the ‘lucrum cessans’ claim on behalf of plaintiffs?
(7) May a family-owned corporation which loses its founder and sole owner sue on behalf of itself for the losses suffered by reason thereof if it can show that the decedent was, in fact, the reason for the success it had enjoyed prior to its said founder’s death?”
La doctrina sobre lucro cesante aparece resumida, en términos generales, en la documentada obra del Profesor H. Brau, Los Daños y Perjuicios Extracontractuales en Puerto Rico, San Juan, P.R., Publicaciones J.T.S., Inc., 1980, § 8.06, págs. 8-30, 8-31.