113 Me. 113 | Me. | 1915
This case comes to us on report, the defendant having offered no testimony, with the stipulation that if the plaintiff is entitled to recover upon the evidence offered by him the case is to stand for trial; otherwise this court is to direct judgment for defendant.
In the latter part of November, 1910, the plaintiff desired to ship a carload of potatoes from Hillside, a station on defendant’s road, to Summit in the State of New Jersey. He applied to defendant’s
On Saturday, November 26, the car was shipped but as the defendant had no facilities for weighing at Deering Junction it was taken to Portland. According to a letter from the defendant’s general freight agent the car arrived in Portland November 26, but was held there, and not delivered to the Boston and Maine railroad for forwarding until November 30. The delay according to the letter, “was on account of temporary disability caused by the extension and improvement of the terminal facilities here at Portland.” The car reached its destination December 6, when it was discovered that the potatoes had been spoiled by freezing while en route.
By agreement of counsel atable of figures was introduced in testimony showing the minimum temperature at points along the route, from that of shipment to that of destination, and from the date of shipment to the date of arrival. This shows that severely cold weather prevailed during the last days on which the potatoes were being transported, while warmer weather prevailed on the earlier days. The plaintiff claims that if the transportation had been without delay the cold weather would have been avoided and the potatoes would not have been destroyed by freezing.
It is claimed by the defendant that by the terms of the contract between it and the plaintiff, evidenced by- the bill of lading already
The plaintiff therefore, while not denying his signature to the bill of lading whereon appear the words “Owner’s risk freezing,” says that no contract between himself and the defendant can exempt the defendant from liability for any negligence or misconduct of itself or its agents. Thus the issue between the parties is squarely presented as to whether the defendant was guilty of any negligence or misconduct which caused the damage complained of by the plaintiff.
It is not denied that the car was detained at Portland from November 26 to November 30. The excuse given by the defendant was the congested conditions of the terminal facilities consequent upon extensive improvements.
The duty of the defendant “was to exercise reasonable care and diligence in transportation, to transport in a reasonable time, without unnecessary delay, to prevent so far as is reasonable and practicable any loss or damage which may be occasioned by delays in transit. What is reasonable diligence in this class of cases, as in all others where reasonableness is the standard, must depend upon the circumstances of the particular case.” Johnson v. New York, New Haven and Hartford R. R., 111 Maine, 263.
In a very comprehensive note to be found in Am. State Reports, Vol. 11, at page 361, we find the following; “As the law does not define what is an unreasonable delay in the shipment of goods, and as each case must be determined by the jury upon its own peculiar facts, it remains to illustrate the subject by the consideration of those cases in which the delay has been of such nature as, under the facts,
Upon this branch of the case we conclude that a jury would be warranted in saying that there was unreasonable delay.
It has already been suggested that the defendant seeks complete exoneration from its liability by saying that there was a congested ■ condition of its terminal facilities but we do not think this excuse will avail. A 'carrier cannot excuse delay in transporting freight on account of shortage of cars and unprecedented amount of business where it accepts shipment without notice of those facts to the shipper. Daoust v. Chicago, R. I. & P. R. Co., 149 Iowa, 650; 128 N. W., 1106; Unionville Produce Co. v. Chicago B. & Q. R. Co., 168 Mo. App., 168; 153 S. W., 63; Missouri K. & T. Ry. Co. v. Stark Grain Co., 103 Tex., 542; 131 S. W., 410. “It is the duty of a common carrier to provide sufficient facilities and means of transportation for all freight which it should reasonably expect will be offered, but it is not bound to provide in advance for extraordinary occasions, nor for an unusual influx of business which is not reasonably to be expected. When an emergency arises and more business is suddenly and unexpectedly cast upon a carrier than he is able to accommodate, unless the carrier decline to receive the excess offered some shippers must be necessarily delayed; yet if the shipper do receive the goods without notice to the shippers of the circumstances likely to occasion delay,'or fail to
Finally the defendant urges that the delay complained of by the plaintiff was not the proximate cause of the damage done to the potatoes and therefore says it is not liable for that reason. While the rule is well established that in the event of an unreasonable delay in the carriage of goods the carrier will be held liable for all losses or damages consequent thereon, yet the mere fact that a delay has occurred is not sufficient to charge a carrier unless it appears that such negligent act was in truth the proximate • and not merely the remote cause of a loss. 4 Ruling Case Law; Sec. 213. But in McGraw v. Baltimore and Ohio Railroad Company, supra, a case strikingly similar to the one at bar, the court held, taking into account the nature of the property, its liability to be injured by freezing weather, the distance from the point of shipment to the place of destination, the favorable condition of the weather when the property was delivered to the carrier and its liability to change at that season of the year, that the carrier was liable for the damage to the property because the delay was the immediate and proximate cause of that damage.
The precise principle which we are now considering is well illustrated and discussed in Marsh v. Great Northern Paper Company, 101 Maine, 489. In that case the defendant negligently or through misfeasance unnecessarily delayed a lot of logs which it was under obligation to drive and as a result of that delay, the freezing of the logs into the ice of the river, and a December freshet, a portion of the logs were carried out to sea and lost; and another portion lost in the same manner in the freshet of the next spring. The court there said; “The defendant cannot avoid liability for its negligence by reason of the early freezing of the river, because this was not an independent, intervening cause, but a natural condition, the chance of the occurrence of which should have been foreseen. Our conclusion is that a jury would have been authorized in finding from the evidence, and in accordance with the rules of law that the negligence of the defendant .... was the direct and proximate cause of the injury sustained by the plaintiffs.”
In accordance with the stipulation the entry must be,
Case to stand for trial.