77 So.2d 13 (1954) 226 La. 708

Mary YOUNG
v.
CHARITY HOSPITAL OF LOUISIANA AT NEW ORLEANS.

No. 41739.

Supreme Court of Louisiana.

November 8, 1954. Rehearing Denied December 13, 1954.

Henican, James & Cleveland, Philip E. James, New Orleans, for plaintiff-appellant.

Julius C. Pearlstine, New Orleans, for defendant-appellee.

MOISE, Justice.

Mary Young appeals from a decision of the State Civil Service Commission upholding her dismissal as Chief Accountant of the Charity Hospital of Louisiana at New Orleans.

A statement of fact is urgent and insistent in order to obtain a better understanding of the issues involved.

By the provisions of Article XIV of the Constitution of Louisiana of 1921, as amended by Act 18 of 1952, Section 15(Q) (3), all employees of the Charity Hospital, on June 30, 1953, would acquire permanent Civil Service Status in the class of position that they were occupying. Mary Young had started to work as an apprentice at the hospital, and by giving a loyal allegiance and faithful service to her work she had been promoted to the post of Chief Accountant for the Charity Hospital at the time of her alleged discharge. A day before this protective permanent Civil Service status became effective, there was a *14 registered letter addressed to herthe contents of which dismissed her from the service of the Charity Hospital. Although Mary Young was absent on leave from June 29, 1953 to July 3, 1953, with the intervening holidays (which the Court will take judicial notice of) July 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5th, she had donated her services to the hospital for June 29, 1953 and worked there from 8:15 in the morning until 3:00 o'clock in the afternoon. The letter in question could have been personally served on her, but the secretary of Dr. Leckert swears that the letter was mailed at the post office a few minutes after 4:00 p. m. on June 29, 1953, after the departure of Mary Young to resume her absence on leave as hereinabove stated.

On July 6, 1953, Mary Young returned to the hospital to resume her work. On that day the employee just ahead of her, Mr. Millet, told her of the contents of this letter (the letter not being produced), and in order to prevent any scene she left the hospital. July 6, 1953 is the date the Commission reached a conclusion on which it predicated its findings, as will be shown later.

On July 7, 1953, the registered letter addressed to Mary Young was returned to the hospital not delivered and unopened.

In the meantime, both sides made efforts for an amicable settlement. As long as there was any hope of settlement, Mary Young did not become the aggressor against her employers but was lulled into a sense of security. It is stated in counsel's brief that all controversy broke down on August 14, 1953. We merely mention such in passing, not as a finding of fact upon which to predicate a judgment in this suit, because the real issue before this Court is, under the facts and circumstances, "Was Mary Young legally discharged?"

The Civil Service Commission denies relief on a procedural groundnamely, that appellant did not lodge her appeal within a time limit of 30 days.

As a basis of that decision it uses July 6, 1953 as the date for its calculation. This basis is an error which we will show later.

Although counsel for the appellant complains bitterly that he was not afforded an opportunity to discuss this issue, nor was this technical procedural ground pleaded by the counsel for the Commission nor the Commissioner in charge, we may observe, after a careful study of the rules, that there is not given or granted to an appellant in a Civil Service suit the right within two judicial days, similar to a procedure taken in a district court, to file a motion for a new trial or a rehearing. The attorney complains that he was not given the opportunity to present his defense on the newly raised procedural question.

Under the Civil Service Act we cannot declare a procedural rule, having the effect of law, void, because it conflicts with our opinion of policy, expedience or justice. If the rule is passed within the general scope of a Legislature or the Commissioners conferred powers, the Court cannot pronounce it void because not supplemented with additional safeguards as in a court of law, or direct action merely because in our judgment it is contrary to the principles of natural justice.

In its reasons for judgment the Commission has stated:

"Conceding that Miss Young acquired Civil Service status in the class of position she was occupying on June 30, 1953, and conceding that her dismissal or discrimination was without cause (See (N) (1) of Article XIV, Section 15) her right of appeal was lost, at the very latest, thirty (30) days after July 6, 1953. Since the appeal herein was lodged, at the earliest on August 14, 1953, more than thirty (30) days after July 6, 1953, this Commission is of the opinion that it is barred by Rule 13.2. Relief denied." (Italics ours.)

The Civil Service Commission concedes that on July 6, 1953 Miss Young was discriminated against by her dismissal or removal. They admit that she was blanketed in under the new Civil Service Legislature, (Act 18 of 1952Article XIV, Louisiana's Constitution of 1921, Section 15), which gave her a permanent Civil *15 Service status on June 30, 1953. However, they contend that Miss Young lost all of her rights when she did not appeal within 30 days from July 6, 1953. This was at a time when she had a verbal conversation, on July 6, 1953, with Mr. Millet, a co-worker immediately above her. The registered letter was not exhibited to her, nor was any notice given in writing, nor for the cause of dismissal. Such failure is contrary to Subsection (N) (1) of Act 18 of 1952, Article XIV, Section 15(N) (1) of Louisiana's Constitution of 1921, which makes it mandatory that:

"No person in the State or Classified Service, having acquired permanent Civil Service status, shall be demoted, dismissed, or discriminated against, except for cause, expressed in writing by the appointing authority. (a) The burden of proof on appeal, as to the facts, shall be on the employee." (Italics ours.)

On July 6, 1953, the constitutional requirement again was not followed.

From the concessions made and the recorded proof, Mary Young's discharge on June 29, 1953 and the effort for a second dismissal was void ab initio, and both are such because here we are dealing with public career employees to secure them in a permanent status of Civil Service position. It is a grave matter for the promotion of the general welfare, and the law is also expressive of the public policy of the State.

Subsection (N) (1) is a prohibitory law.

Article 12 of the LSA-Civil Code provides:

"Whatever is done in contravention of a prohibitory law, is void, although the nullity be not formally directed."

"Quod ab initio non valet in tractu temporis non convalesait."

"That which was originally void does not by lapse of time become valid."

Sandoz v. Sanders, Governor, 125 La. 396, 51 So. 436; Gibson v. Foster, 2 La.Ann. 503.

Neither the Court, nor the Commission, nor the lapse of time could breathe a breath of life into that which is void ab initio in both instances.

In the case of Boxwell v. Department of Highways, 203 La. 760, 14 So.2d 627, 633, we said:

"Persons cannot by their contracts `derogate from the force of laws made for the preservation of public order or good morals.' Revised Civil Code, Article 11. `This court has differentiated between absolute nullities in derogation of public order and good morals and those which are established in the interest of individuals. The latter nullities are susceptible of ratification, either expressly or impliedly, and may be prescribed against, while the former are never susceptible of ratification and can never be prescribed against. Vaughan v. Christine, 3 La.Ann. 328; Ackerman v. Larner, 116 La. 101, 40 So. 581; Doucet v. Fenelon, 120 La. 18, 44 So. 908; Barnes v. Barnes, 155 La. 981, 99 So. 719; and Succession of Henderson, 195 La. 665, 197 So. 267.' Whitney National Bank of New Orleans v. Mrs. Anna Schwob, widow of F. T. Bosworth, 203 La. 175, 13 So.2d 782."

Civil Service was ordained and placed into the Constitution of Louisiana because political campaigns for office in the past have been regarded by the public at large as wars of conquest, wherein, the spoils belong to the victor, in which "all is fair, however flagrantly false."

It is ordered, adjudged and decreed that the denial of relief in the instant case be reversed and set aside and that Mary Young be reinstated to her former position; and it is further ordered, adjudged and decreed that she be paid her back salary from the date of the alleged dismissal up until final reinstatement.

McCALEB, J., concurs with written reasons.

*16 HAWTHORNE, J., dissents and assigns written reasons.

PONDER, J., absent.

McCALEB, Justice (concurring).

The issue in this case, as I see it, is not whether appellant has been unlawfully dismissed from civil service but, specifically, whether she has timely invoked her remedy of appeal to the Civil Service Commission. Stated in another way, the question is whether Rule 13.2 of the Civil Service Commission, which prescribes that an appeal may be taken within 30 days of any discriminatory action, is applicable to a situation like this where the dismissal of the employee has not been expressed in writing by the appointing authority, as required by Section 15(N) (1) of Article XIV of the Constitution. Whereas the Civil Service Commission is vested with power by Section 15(I) (8) of the Constitution to fix the time within which appeals must be taken to it, I agree with the majority that it is unreasonable to construe Rule 13.2 to apply in cases where the discriminatory action has not been expressed in writing by the appointing authority and that it is proper to hold that the 30 day period for taking an appeal does not begin to run until the employee is advised in writing.

In view of the fact that the Civil Service Commission refused to entertain the appeal as untimely, it would be technically correct to remand the case to that body with instructions to consider it. On the other hand, since it is obvious that appellant was discharged without cause, I do not find it improper for this Court to reinstate her.

For these reasons, I respectfully concur.

HAWTHORNE, Justice (dissenting).

This court states in the first paragraph of its majority opinion that "Mary Young appeals from a decision of the State Civil Service Commission upholding her dismissal as Chief Accountant of the Charity Hospital of Louisiana at New Orleans". I cannot agree with this statement. The commission did not uphold the dismissal of Mary Young. It is clear from a reading of the commission's opinion that this appeal presents one, and only one, question of law, that is: Did the State Civil Service Commission act in accordance with law in dismissing Mary Young's appeal to that body under the provisions of its Rule 13.2?

The State Civil Service Commission has not passed upon or even considered the merits of Miss Young's appeal. It has simply dismissed her appeal pursuant to its Rule 13.2. Notwithstanding this fact, the majority of the court in the instant case has passed on the merits of appellant's case and ordered her reinstated.

Under the provisions of Article 14, Section 15(I), of the Louisiana Constitution of 1921 the State Civil Service Commission has the authority to adopt and enforce rules which shall have the effect of law, including rules "* * * (8) fixing the procedure, the time within which appeals must be taken, and all other matters pertaining to appeals". In accordance with the power and authority conferred by this provision of the Constitution the State Civil Service Commission adopted its Rule 13.2 which provides:

"Requests for Hearing. A person who alleges he has been deprived of his rights or otherwise been discriminated against as set forth in the foregoing section may, within 30 days of any such action, demand a hearing by notifying the Director in writing that he desires a hearing and outlining in detail his reasons for demanding such hearing. The Commission shall grant the appellant a hearing within sixty (60) calendar days after receipt by the Director of such request, or shall refer the taking of testimony to a Referee within such period of sixty (60) calendar days." (Italics mine.)

On June 29, 1953, the director of Charity Hospital addressed a letter to the appellant, *17 Miss Mary Young, advising her that her services had been terminated as of the close of business on that day. This letter was mailed to Miss Young's address as given in the hospital personnel records but was returned undelivered on July 7, 1953. Upon Miss Young's return to work at the hospital on July 6, 1953, her immediate superior informed her that she had been discharged as of June 29, 1953, and also showed her a copy of the director's letter of June 29. She was not allowed to return to work, and she received no payment for services after June 29. Her request for a hearing before the State Civil Service Commission, made in the form of a letter addressed to that body, was postmarked August 14, 1953, and received in the commission's office on August 17, 1953. From these facts the commission found that Miss Young was dismissed as of July 6, 1953. The commission concluded that, even if her dismissal was without cause, her right of appeal was lost because her request for a hearing was not lodged with the commission until more than 30 days after her dismissal. Accordingly the commission held that her appeal was barred by its Rule 13.2.

Under the plain provisions of the Constitution the rules of the commission adopted pursuant thereto "have the effect of law", and, since Miss Young was dismissed (rightfully or wrongfully) on July 6, 1953, she lost her right of appeal to the State Civil Service Commission by not requesting a hearing by that body within 30 days of the date of her dismissal.

Even if Miss Young's appeal to the commission was timelyand this is the sole issue, in my opinion the only relief this court could afford her would be to remand the case to the State Civil Service Commission so that that body could pass upon the merits of her complaint, as this court is not a court of original jurisdiction.

I respectfully dissent.

Mary YOUNG v. CHARITY HOSPITAL OF LOUISIANA AT NEW ORLEANS.

Mary YOUNG
v.
CHARITY HOSPITAL OF LOUISIANA AT NEW ORLEANS.