Wyeth Hardware & Manufacturing Co. v. H. F. Lang & Co.
29 S.W. 1010
Mo.
1895
Check Treatment
Burgess, J.

This is an injunctive proceeding, instituted by plaintiff to enjoin and restrain defendants-*245from prosecuting suit against it in the state of Kansas by attachment, and the garnishment of debts due it by various of their customers and debtors in that state, the plaintiff and defendants being residents of this state. From a judgment for defendants on demurrer to- plaintiff’s1 petition, plaintiff took the case to the Kansas City court of appeals by writ of errоr, where the .judgment of the circuit court was affirmed in an opinion by Smith, P. J. The case was then certified to this ■court because of a conflict of the opinion with the decisions of the St. Louis court of аppeals in Keeting v. Refrigerator Co., 32 Mo. App. 293; Bank v. Wickham, 23 Mo. App. 663; Fielder v. Jessup, 24 Mo. App. 91. The ■opinion in this case is reported in 54 Mo. App. 147.

The statement of facts and that part of the opinion necessary to a disposition of the case by this court-are as follows:

“The petition in this case, which is for an injunction, аlleged that both plaintiff and defendant ‍​​​​‌​‌​‌​​​​​‌‌​‌​​‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​​​‌​​‍were business corporations, organized and existing under the statutes .of this state.

“It was further alleged that the defendant had sued the plaintiff by attachment in- one of the courts of the state of Kansas, and had procured the process of garnishment in said suit to be served upon certain •debtors of the plaintiff, who were its customers and had ■become indebted to it for merchandise sold by it to them in this state, where such indebtedness, by the terms of the sale of such merchandise, for which it was incurred, was made payable; that the plaintiff here, who was the defendant in the аttachment suit, was notified thereof by publication, and that judgment had been severally pronouncеd against the defendant and the garnishees therein. ’The petition fails to disclose the nature of the ■claim upon which the attachment proceedings were grounded. It appears that the рlaintiff is a solvent *246corporation and that the defendants are about to take-steps to compel by execution the garnishees to satisfy the amount of the judgments against them; that the garnishees, who are plaintiff’s customers, are in great, danger of having to pay their indebtedness to plaintiff twiсe, which would frustrate the trade relations between the former and the latter to the great injury of the latter, etc. The prayer was that defendants be enjoined and restrained from enforcing and сollecting the judgments against plaintiffs and the garnishees, etc.

“The defendant interposed a demurrеr to the petition on the ground that it did not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action. The court sustained the demurrer, and, the plaintiff electing to abide by its petition, judgment was given aсcordingly. * * *.

“The plaintiff’s insistence is that, the proceedings of the Kansas court are void ‍​​​​‌​‌​‌​​​​​‌‌​‌​​‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​​​‌​​‍for want of jurisdiction for the reason that the debts garnished had no situs in that state, and that, consequently, they were nоt liable to. be attached there. Contracts respecting personal property and dеbts are now universally treated as having, no situs or locality; and they follow the owner in point of right. They are deemed to be in the place and are disposed of by the law of the domicile of the owner wherever in point of fact they may be situate in accordance with the maxim mobilia non habent situm. Story on Conflict of Laws, sections 362, 399; State Tax on Foreign Bonds, 15 Wall. 320; Renier v. Hurlbut, 50 N. W. Rep. 783; Wallace v. McConnell, 13 Pet. 136; Railroad v. Gomila, 132 U. S. 485; Bank v. Rollen, 99 Mass. 313; Trowbridge v. Means, 5 Ark. 135. It has beеn ruled in effect that a debt without reference to where-payable is deemed attachеd to the person of the owner so as to have its situs at his domicile, yet this fiction always yields to laws fоr attaching the ‍​​​​‌​‌​‌​​​​​‌‌​‌​​‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​​​‌​​‍property of a nonresident, because such laws necessarily assume that *247the property has a situs distinсt from the owner’s domi- f cile. Wherever the creditor might maintain a suit to I recover the debt, there it may be attached as his prop-1 erty, provided the laws of such place authorize it. | Harvey v. Railroad, 52 N. W. Rep. (Minn.) 905; Nichols v. Hooper, 17 Atl. Rep. (Vt.) 134; Railroad v. Crow, 102 Ill. 258; Berry v. Davis, 13 S. W. Rep. 979; Railroad v. Dugan, 31 N. W. Rep. 594; Boyd v. Ins. Co., 16 S. W. Rep. 384; Railroad v. Thompson, 31 Kan. 180, and cases there cited; Plimpton v. Bigelow, 93 N. Y. 592.

“Accоrding to the rulings in the cases just cited, it would seem quite obvious that the Kansas court had the requisite jurisdiction tо impound the plaintiff’s credits there by the attachment proceedings. And this doctrine seems just and reаsonable, for, if the defendant can not reach the plaintiff’s credit by the attachment proсess in Kansas because they have a situs in this state, he can not reach them in this state, becausе there can be no service of notice had on the garnishees in this state, so that it results that plaintiffs credits can not be attached at all.

“But we are confronted with contrary rulings of the ‍​​​​‌​‌​‌​​​​​‌‌​‌​​‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​​​‌​​‍St. Louis court of appeals to the effect that the situs of the debt is the place where the debtor resides, unless the debt, by the terms of the contract, is made payable elseivhere, and in the latter event such situs is at the place where the debt is payable. Keeting v. Refrigerator Co., 32 Mo. App. 293; Bank v. Wickham, 23 Mo. App. 663; Fielder v. Jessup, 24 Mo. App. 91. And to'the exception to the rule as indicated by the italicised words thereof, we can not agree for the reason alreаdy stated. We think the rule declared in Harvey v. Railroad, and the other cases cited, which are in accord with it, will better subserve interstate trade and business relations than that embraced in the foregoing exception.”

*248That part of the opinion, of the Kansas City court of appeals herein quoted is adopted as the opinion of this ‍​​​​‌​‌​‌​​​​​‌‌​‌​​‌​‌‌​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​​​‌​​‍court, being, as we think, supported by reason and the weight of authority. All of this division concur.