Wright v. StateWright v. State
This is an appeal of a judgment rendered after jury trial and of a sentence imposed pursuant to the sentencing guidelines. We affirm in part, reverse, and remand.
The jury found appellant guilty of two counts of attempted second-degree murder, four counts of armed robbery, and three counts of attempted armed robbery. He was sentenced, outside of the guidelines, to forty years on each of the armed robbery counts, thirty years on each attempted second-degree murder count, and fifteen years on each attempted armed robbery count. The sentencing guidelines scoresheet, using attempted second-degree murder as the primary offense, recommended a range of seventeen to twenty-two years. The court listed eight reasons for departure from the guidelines. Appellant now raises several issues on appeal, two of which we find require reversal.
Appellant first submits that the trial court erred in using the sentencing guidelines scoresheet in effect at the time of his sentencing as opposed to the scoresheet in effect at the time of the offense. In light of the supreme court‘s ruling in State v. Jackson, 478 So.2d 1054 (Fla. 1985), we affirm. Although use of the amended guidelines was disadvantageous to appellant, the court‘s decision in Jackson has been interpreted as holding that the sentencing guidelines are procedural in nature and do not require application of the ex post facto doctrine. Therefore, the guidelines in effect at the time of the most recent sentencing will be applied. Wilkerson v. State, 480 So.2d 213 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985).
We also find appellant‘s second argument to be without merit. All eight of the court‘s written reasons for departure were valid and, therefore, the court did not err in departing from the sentencing guidelines.
We agree, however, with appellant‘s third argument, that the court erred in assessing twenty-eight points for victim injury to Officers Brown and Bryan. According to
On remand, the court is also directed to strike the provision retaining jurisdiction over one third of appellant‘s sentence on Count One. Since appellant was sentenced under the sentencing guidelines, retention of jurisdiction over any portion of the sentence was clearly erroneous. Bradley v. State, 468 So.2d 378 (Fla. 1st DCA 1985).
A hearing on appellant‘s motion to suppress statements, admissions, and confessions was held in May of 1984. At the hearing, the State presented the testimony of appellant himself, and of Detectives Eason and Japour, who conducted the interrogation of the appellant at the police station on the day of the crime. According to Detective Eason‘s testimony, Eason introduced himself to appellant by giving his name and asking appellant his name. After appellant refused to state his name, Eason advised him of his rights. Appellant then signed a form indicating that he understood his rights, and spoke freely and voluntarily about a number of topics, including the events surrounding the crime. His statement was reduced to writing and was read and signed by the appellant. Both Detectives Eason and Japour testified that appellant was not threatened or coerced, that he appeared to understand his rights, that he waived his rights, and that he did not appear to be under the influence of drugs or alcohol or to be affected by his injury.
Contrary to the testimony of Eason and Japour, the appellant testified, and argues on appeal, that he repeatedly told the police he wished to remain silent and to consult with an attorney. Additionally, appellant testified that he was threatened by several police officers at the scene of the crime, that he was influenced by his head injury, and that he was otherwise coerced into cooperating in the interrogation. As a result, according to appellant, his will to remain silent was surmounted and the confession was not knowingly and voluntarily made.
The conversation in the interrogation room was not taperecorded, nor was there a court reporter present. Interpreting the evidence in the manner most favorable to sustaining the trial court‘s ruling, however, we affirm. Johnson v. State, 438 So.2d 774 (Fla. 1983), cert. denied, Johnson v. Florida, 465 U.S. 1051, 104 S.Ct. 1329, 79 L.Ed.2d 724 (1984). The State has satisfied its burden of showing that the accused was advised of his rights, and the trial court was not obligated to give greater weight to defendant‘s testimony than to the two officers’ testimony. Foreman v. State, 213 So.2d 754 (Fla. 1st DCA 1968).
Last, we also affirm the trial court‘s denial of appellant‘s motion for judgment of acquittal as to three of the armed robbery counts. The evidence indicates that three of the armed robbery victims who were ordered to remove their wallets and place them on the floor testified that they never saw appellant with their wallets. Appellant now argues that the State failed to show that these wallets were ever within his dominion and control. We disagree. In Johnson v. State, 432 So.2d 758 (Fla. 1st DCA 1983), this court found the element of taking necessary for a robbery conviction to have been satisfied by the fact that the victim was required to remove money from its original position where the victim wanted it to be and to place the money on a counter in front of the defendant. This court stated that in so doing, the money came within the dominion and control of the defendant and was sufficient to complete the taking even if the defendant had not momentarily touched the money. Appellant‘s argument that the victims never saw him with their wallets is therefore without merit.
Accordingly, we affirm in part, reverse, and remand with instructions that the court (1) remove 28 points scored for “victim injury” from appellant‘s sentencing guidelines scoresheet, and (2) strike the provision retaining jurisdiction over one third of appellant‘s sentence on Count One.
JOANOS, J., concurs.
NIMMONS, J., concurs specially with an opinion.
NIMMONS, concurring specially.
My understanding of Judge Shivers’ opinion is that we are not reversing either