275 Mass. 216 | Mass. | 1931
This is a petition brought in the Probate Court under G. L. c. 65, § 30, as amended by St. 1922, c. 520, § 19, by the administrator with the will annexed of the estate of Herbert I. Wallace, late of Fitchburg, who died September 25, 1927, herein referred to as the decedent, for instructions whether certain personal property, held by the petitioner as trustee under an indenture of trust, executed by the decedent February 12,1919, is subject to a tax under G. L. c. 65, § 1, as amended, imposing taxes upon legacies and succes
The law in force at the date of the death of the decedent imposed a tax upon personal property of deceased residents of the Commonwealth which should “pass ... by deed, grant or gift, except in cases of a bona fide purchase for full consideration in money or money’s worth . . . made or intended to take effect in possession or enjoyment after his [the grantor’s or donor’s] death” with exceptions not here material. G. L. c. 65, § 1, as finally amended by St. 1926, c. 148, § 1. The law in force at the time the trust indenture was executed contained the same provision. St.. 1907, c. 563, § 1, codified as St. 1909, c. 490, Part IV, § 1, as finally amended by St. 1916, c. 268, § 1. Though changes were made from time to time in the statute imposing taxes on legacies and successions between the date of the execution of the trust indenture and the date of the death of the decedent, the tax rate applicable to the property in question was the same on both dates and our attention has not been called to a change in any other respect which would affect the amount of the tax for which the petitioner would be liable. G. L. c. 65, which was a general revision of the laws relating to taxation of legacies and successions, is to be construed as continuing the previous laws, except in the respects in which a change is indicated (see Mackintosh, petitioner, 246 Mass. 482, 484-485, Byfield v. Newton, 247 Mass. 46, 56-57), and, of course, amendments of particular sections of statutes are to be so construed.
The petitioner contends (a) that the property held by it under the trust indenture did not pass “by deed, grant or gift . . . made or intended to take effect in possession or enjoyment” after the death of the decedent and (b) that if it did so pass there was “a bona fide purchase for full consideration in money or money’s worth.”
The facts agreed upon by the parties include the following: On February 12,1919, the decedent-was contemplating marriage with one Alice L. Geldert. He was then about sixty-three years of age, a widower and the father of three
On February 12, 1919, the decedent and Alice L. Geldert entered into a written agreement whereby it was recited that a marriage between them was intended and that they desired “that all rights in each others property . . . shall be fixed and settled for all time,” and it was agreed that the decedent should place certain securities in trust, ‘ ‘ To permit the trustee to hold said securities or sell” them on his written order, to reinvest the proceeds and “to collect the income therefrom and to pay the net income” to him “quarterly,” and “on his death to pay the principal of said trust fund free and clear of all trusts to said Alice L. Geldert, her heirs, executors, administrators and assigns, whether said marriage is had and solemnized or not”; that he, if he survived said Alice L. Geldert, would not claim any part of her property; that, if the securities or their equivalent were placed in trust as agreed, she would “accept the provisions of said trust agreement and the fund to be paid to her thereunder, in full satisfaction of all right of dower or other of her rights in the property of Herbert I. Wallace, statutory or otherwise, and all claims which she might have against the estate of said Herbert I. Wallace if she should survive him,” and that “if any provisions . . . [were3 made for her in the will of said Herbert I. Wallace (to make which there is no obligation on the part of said Wallace) she . . . [would3 accept said provisions as mere gifts to her as though she were a stranger.” On the same day an indenture of trust was made between the decedent and a trustee, a predecessor as such of the peti
At the death of the decedent the value of the securities held by the petitioner in trust under the indenture was about $124,500, and the value of the interest taken by his widow under the will was about $167,000. The rest of the estate, amounting to $26,000, was bequeathed to other persons.
First. The property held by the petitioner under the trust indenture passed “by deed, grant or gift . . . made or intended to take effect in possession or enjoyment after . . . [the] death” of the decedent, within the meaning of the statute.
The transaction was within the description of the statute. The property passed from the decedent to the beneficiary “by deed, grant or gift.” Though upon the creation of the trust an equitable remainder in the trust fund, after the life estate of the decedent in such fund, vested in interest in the beneficiary, she was not entitled to “possession or enjoyment” of the fund or any part of it until the death of the decedent. The “deed, grant or gift” was “intended to take effect in possession or enjoyment after his death.” Her present right to the future “possession or enjoyment” of the trust fund, which was “vested” in the sense of being assignable and transmissible by her during the life of the decedent (see Nickerson v. Harding, 267 Mass. 203, 207), was not “possession or enjoyment,” within the meaning of the statute. The statute recognizes the familiar distinction between taking effect in possession or enjoyment and vesting in right, title or interest. State Street Trust Co. v. Treasurer & Receiver General, 209 Mass. 373, 378. Pratt v. Dean, 246
Second. There was not ‘1 a bona fide purchase for full consideration in money or money’s worth” within the meaning of the statute.
In general a succession to property upon the death of the former owner is subject to an excise even though it results
The transaction was “a bona fide purchase.” It remains, however, to determine whether there was “full consideration in money or money’s worth.” See Hill v. Treasurer & Receiver General, 227 Mass. 331, 333-334. The basis on which taxes upon succession to property are computed is the value of the property at “the time of the death of the decedent” or, if the succession takes effect “in possession or enjoyment after the expiration of one or more life estates or of a term of years,” its value at the time the beneficiary “becomes entitled to the same in possession or enjoyment.” St. 1907, c. 563, § 6, codified as St. 1909, c. 490, Part IV, § 6. G. L. c. 65, § 13, as amended by St. 1924, c. 300, § 1. In this case the time of the death of the decedent was the same as the time, after the expiration of a life estate, the beneficiary became “entitled to the . . . [property]] in possession or enjoyment.” The value at this time is the measure of the benefit resulting to the beneficiary from her coming into possession or enjoyment of the property. In the light of this principle the court, in State Street Trust Co. v. Treasurer & Receiver General, 209 Mass. 373, 380, in construing the statutory provision for an exemption in the case of a “deed, grant or gift’’for a consideration, said that the statute ‘ ‘ is not complied with unless the consideration, whatever form it may
The petitioner contends that the beneficiary’s marriage to the decedent or her agreement to marry him, and her agreement to “accept the provisions of said trust agreement and the fund to be paid to her thereunder, in full satisfaction” of her dower and other rights in the estate of the decedent and of her claims against his estate, constituted “full consideration in money or money’s worth ” for the creation of the trust. The value, at the time of the decedent’s death, of the property to which the beneficiary became entitled in possession or enjoyment under the trust indenture, was $124,500. The petitioner has not proved that consideration “in money or money’s worth,” moving from the beneficiary, equaled or exceeded this amount.
The written agreement between the decedent and the beneficiary was antenuptial in character, but it contained no promise by either of them to marry the other. Nor do the facts show any previous binding promise to marry. Whether or not, prior to the written agreement and the contemporaneous trust indenture of February 12, 1919, there was an agreement binding the beneficiary to marry the
Doubtless the agreement of the beneficiary to “accept the provisions of said trust agreement and the fund to be paid to her thereunder” in lieu of the rights in the property of the decedent which would accrue to her from her marriage to him — “all right of dower or other of her rights in . . . [his] property . . . statutory or otherwise, and all claims which she might have against . . . [his] estate ... if she should survive him,” may be described properly as a “valuable consideration” (see Ferguson v. Dickson, supra; McCaughn v. Carver, supra; In re Baker, 83 App. Div. [N. Y.] 530, 533; affirmed 178 N. Y. 575; In re Schmoll, supra), but that is not the test of exemption under this statute. Whether this consideration — which did not tend, even indirectly, to swell the estate of the decedent — was “consideration in money or money’s worth,” within the meaning of this statute, need not be decided, for those rights and claims, if not released, would at no time have had a value, measured in money, of $124,500. The beneficiary would have had no rights by reason of her marriage in the property which previously was set aside by him for the benefit of his children. The rest of his property, including that placed in trust under the trust indenture, was worth
All the questions argued have been considered and no error is disclosed.
Decree affirmed.