1 Haw. 9 | Haw. | 1847
Counsel having closed, his Honor, Judge Lee, charged the jury in substance as follows:
Gentlemen of the Jury:
The case now before you for consideration and decision, is one which was brought into this court by an appeal from the court below. In all cases of this kind, that is, in cases of appeal, the parties are allowed to introduce the same evidence that was admissible in the court below, together with all new evidence that may have arisen and come to their knowledge since the former trial.
Gentlemen, that evidence has been introduced : you have heard the testimony of the witnesses upon the stand, and it now remains for me to charge and direct you as to the law applicable to this case, leaving it in your hands, well and truly to try the same, and verdict give according to the evidence and the law.
The plaintiff in this case brings his action to recover the sum of $55, for wharfage, had by the defendant in July last, and founds his claim upon a certain lease executed to him by Ladd & Co., in the previous month of June. The defendant admits that he has had the wharfage — he admits that lie owes the $55, but denies that he owes it to the plaintiff, on the ground that the lease under which he claims is fraudulent. He declines paying the money to the plaintiff for the reason that he has been stopped from so doing by the sheriff with an execution and trustee process in his hands, issued upon a judgment rendered in this court, in favor of Pelly & Allan, previous to the execution of the lease.
But the ground has been assumed before you, gentlemen, by the plaintiff's counsel, that the defendant has no right to inquire into the legality or illegality of the lease upon which he founds his claim. But the authorities which he brings in support of this doctrine, do not go to that length. Clearly, Stark could not bring any action at law or equity to annul this lease, however illegal it might be, because, not being a creditor, it would be a matter with which he had no business to meddle. But it is quite a different thing to say that, when the lease (the ground of the plaintiff’s claim) is endeavored to be enforced against him, that he has no right to impeach the validity of that lease.
Gentlemen, the main question for you to determine is, whether the lease is good or no. If, upon a candid and impartial consideration of the testimony, you find that the lease is good — that it was made in good faith, and without any intent to defraud creditors, then your verdict will be for the plaintiff, in the sum of $55 But if, on the other hand, you shall find that it was made with the knowledge of both parties to the lease, of the existence of judgments resting upon the estate of Messrs. Ladd & Co., and with the intent to defeat those judgments, then your verdict will be for the defendant.
This, gentlemen, is the law of the land, .the law of Great Britain, the United States, and of every country with whose laws I am at all conversant. It is a rule of law which has been firmly established and strictly adhered to since the time of Twyne’s case, in the days of Lord Coke, down to the present moment. It is a rule of law, founded in integrity and fair dealing between man ar d man ; a rule of law based on the great principles of morality and public policy — for y'ou will see at once, that if we were allowed, when we find that judgments are existing against us, or are about tc be recovered against us; if we were allowed, I say, in such circumstances to transfer our property into the hands of others, and thus defeat the just claims of honest creditors, there would be no safety in t re every day transactions of life — no safety in that credit which wo are daily giving and lending to each other.
Lord Mansfield, that great lawyer, perhaps i may say the brightest star that ever shone in the firmament of the E rglish law, has said in the case of Cadagan vs. Kennett, that any p irchase of a debtor’s property, with the intent to defeat a judgment, < annot stand in the eye of the law, even though the purchaser pay a f'jll, fair, and valuable consideration for the same. Why ? Because the purpose is iniquitous. It would be assisting one.manto cheat another, which the law will never allow.
The late and very deeply lamented Judge St rry, in his Commentaries on Equity, recognizes the same doctrine, and gives additional emphasis to the words of Mansfield. We may ¡ay the same of Blackstone, Kent, and of every other commentator of English and American law.
There is no positive evidence, gentlemen, th it the plaintiff knew of the existence of the judgment of Messrs. Pelly &. Allan, at the time of entering into the lease, but there are some circumstances going to that effect, which, without comment, I leave n your hands, to give them such weight as you may think they desert e.
To reiterate what I have already said, the main question for you to decide will be, whether the lease is valid or invalid. If you shall find it to have been made in good faith, then y rur verdict will be for the plaintiff in the sum of $55. If you shall fi id that it was made in bad faith, with the intent to defraud creditors, .hen your verdict will be for the defendant.
The jury retired, and in a few minutes returned with a verdict for defendant.