73 Ala. 259 | Ala. | 1882
What are to be considered transactions with, or statements by deceased persons, under section 3058 of the Code of 1876, is a cpiestion which very frequently comes before us. To come within the former class, it must be some act done by the deceased, or in the doing of which he personally participated. To be within the latter class, there must have been a conversation to which he was a party, in which his Statements, replies, or presumed admission from silence are sought to be introduced in evidence. In each case, to fall within the prohibited line, the transaction or statement must he of such a character, and so connected with the deceased, as that, if living, the presumption would be he could deny, qualify, or explain it. This is the sense of the rule. The legislature, by it, intended to deny to living suitors the advantage they would otherwise have over the estates of deceased adversaries, if permitted to testify to transactions with, and statements by such adversaries, after death had rendered it impossible that such adversaries could be heard in reply. If the testimony relate to a transaction with another, or fall not within the class supposed to be particularly within the knowledge of the deceased, neither the rule of exclusion, nor the reason of it applies. — McCrary v. Rash, 60 Ala. 374; Tisdale v. Maxwell, 58 Ala. 40; Boykin v. Smith, 65 Ala. 294; Killen v. Lide, Ib. 505. None of the testimony of the witness Graham, given on his first or last examination, related to any transaction with, or statement by defendant’s testator, and the circuit court did not err in receiving it.
There was no error in allowing the witness Mounce to testify that he worked on Wood’s plantation with Graham. It was very proper he should be allowed to so testify, for it tended to show the witness’ knowledge of the matters he testified about. It certainly gave the witness better opportunities of knowing that Graham labored on the place, and the value of his services. It was proper for the jury to know this, for it tended to strengthen his testimony.
Against the objection of defendant, the witness Mounce was allowed to testify, that? when he worked on testator’s plantation (the same year when tlie alleged services of Graham were performed, for which this suit is brought), Wood, defendant’s testator, employed him, and paid him for his services. The
. There is no error in the charges given. An agent who contracts in his own name, without disclosing that he is acting for a principal, incurs "a personal liability, which is primary in its character. — 1 Brick. Dig. 66, §§ 210, 214. The charge asked was properly refused, under the principles declared above.
Affirmed.