25 Haw. 347 | Haw. | 1920
OPINION OP THE COURT BY
This case was heretofore before this court upon writ of error to the circuit court sued out by the plaintiff, the circuit court having granted a nonsuit as to the defendants Rosenbledt and Harrison. The judgment of nonsuit was reversed and the cause remanded for further proceedings consistent with our opinion (24 Haw. 181). The case presented to this court upon the writ of error involved only the correctness of the ruling of the circuit judge granting the nonsuit. The circuit judge based his decision on two grounds, namely, that the notice of lien filed by the plaintiff ivas insufficient in substance and that the plaintiff had failed to show a demand upon defendants Rosenbledt and Harrison for the amount due between the time of filing the notice of lien and the institution of this suit. We held that the decision of the circuit, judge was erroneous in both particulars. The plaintiff had shown a demand made upon the Honolulu Skating Rink, Limited, a codefendant of Rosenbledt and Harrison and we held that in view of the contractual relation existing between the skating rink company and the defendants Rosenbledt and Harrison that the demand upon the skating rink company constituted a demand upon Rosenbledt and Harrison. >
,Iu view of the fact that the plaintiff now contends that our former opinion has settled practically all of the law of the case and the defendants Rosenbledt and Harrison insist that our former opinion to the effect that
In our opinion denying the plaintiff’s motion to dismiss the exceptions now before us (ante p. 92) we pointed out that the case upon the first trial having been disposed of upon the motion of the defendants Rosenbledt and Harrison for a nonsuit the matters of defense had not been tried and we mentioned the fact that said defendants had given notice that they would rely upon the defenses of illegality, fraud, release and payment. The enumeration by us of these defenses upon which the defendants gave notice they would rely did not purport to be a complete- statement of the contents of their answer and is not a complete statement as the answer contains a general denial under which said defendants were entitled to give in evidence as a defense any matter of law or fact (Sec. 2369 R. L. 1915). We held that as some of the exceptions related to alleged errors committed in rulings upon matters of defense they were subject to review and refused to dismiss the exceptions. We did not go further into the question at that time as it was not necessary for us to do so in order to dispose of the question then before us. In addition to the authorities cited by us in that opinion our attention has been called to the case of Illinois v. Illinois Central R. R. Co., 184 U. S. 77. That was a suit by the State of Illinois against the railroad company to compel it to remove certain piers which it had constructed in Lake Michigan. Upon the first trial the court held that the railroad company was the owner in fee of the piers in question and entered a decree in favor of the defend
The other members of the court, while agreeing with the conclusion that the former opinion of this court to the effect that a demand upon the skating rink company constituted a demand upon Rosenbledt and Harrison is now the Iuav of the case and not open to inquiry, desire
We do not hold, hoAvever, that our opinion on the writ of error has the far-reaching effect contended for by the plaintiff. It must be borne in mind that the case was then before us upon a writ of error sued out by the plaintiff to review the judgment of nonsuit entered by the circuit judge in favor of the defendants Rosenbledt and Harrison and our holding was that the notice of lien which the plaintiff offered in evidence and which was rejected'was sufficient in substance and should have been admitted in evidence against said defendants and that a demand made upon the skating rink company would constitute a demand upon the defendants Rosenbledt and Harrison. Our former opinion settled those two questions and nothing more. Upon the second trial in the circuit court Ave think the defendants were entitled to interpose any defense warranted by their pleading and not foreclosed by our former opinion. We also think that none of the questions raised or sought to be raised by them have been foreclosed by our former opinion except the sufficiency of the notice of lien and that a proper showing of demand upon the Honolulu Skating Rink, Limited, constituted a proper demand upon them. This did not preclude the defendants from taking advantage of any defect in the showing of demand made by the plaintiff or preclude them from showing as a defense that no proper demand had in fact been made upon the skating rink company. The plaintiff Avhen first testifying as to the demand- made by him stated positively- that he demanded payment of the Honolulu Skating Rink, Limited, prior to filing his notice of lien and that he made no demand upon said company at any other time. Sub
But the defendants insist that the evidence shoAvs that at the time the plaintiff demanded payment of the skating rink "company and at the time he filed this suit there Avas nothing due him. under his contract. If they are correct in this contention it is undoubtedly true that a demand made at that time was not- a compliance with the statute Avhieh requires demand and refusal of “the amount due” as a condition precedent to the filing of a suit to foreclose the lien. (Sec. 2867 R. L. 1915.) It would also be true that a suit filed before anything is due would have to abate as even an action in assumpsit cannot be maintained on a demand not due at the commencement of- the action. (4 (Dye. 335.) “Any matter that would constitute a good defense to an action of assumpsit on the account which is the basis of the lien is a good defense to a suit to foreclose the lien, since, if
“Whenever the work or material for which a lien is filed shall be furnished to any contractor for use as set forth in section 2863, the owner may retain from the amount payable to the contractor sufficient to cover the amount due or to become due to the person or persons who filed the lien.”
Paragraph 13 of the building contract between the plaintiff and the skating rink company is as follows:
“And it is hereby mutually agreed between the parties hereto that the sum to be paid by the owner to the contractor for said work and materials shall be six thous- and four hundred & sixty three dollars & 60c — $6463.60 subject to additions or deductions on account of alterations as hereinbefore provided, and that such sum shall be paid in current funds of the owner to the contractor in installments as follows:
“Payments to be made as follows:
“At completion and acceptance of building a payment will 'be made to the amount of........$2000.00
“Thirty days from the date of completion and acceptance ..................................$2500.00
“Forty-five (43) days from the date of completion and acceptance .........................$1963.60
“It being understood that the final payment shall be made within forty-five (43) days after this contract is completely finished, provided, that in each of the said cases the architect shall certify in writing that all the work upon the performance of which the payment is to become due has been done to his satisfaction; provided further, that before such payment, if required, the contractor shall give the architect good and sufficient evidence that the premises are free from all liens and claims*354 chargeable to the said contractor and further, that if at any time there shall be any lien or claim for which if established, the owner of the said premises might be made liable, and which would be chargeable to said contractor, the owner shall have the right to retain out of any payment then due or thereafter to become due, an amount sufficient to completely indemnify him against such claim or lien, until the same shall be effectually satisfied, discharged, or cancelled. And should there prove to be any such claim after all payments are made, the contractor shall refund the owner of all moneys that the latter may be compelled to pay in discharging any lien on said premises, made obligatory in consequence of the former’s default.”
The original contract is before us and from an examination of the original it appears that in each instance where the number of days which must elapse after' completion and acceptance before the final payment under the contract is to become due the contract as originally drawn provided that such final payment should become due forty-five days after completion and acceptance and was so stated both in writing and in figures. The figures have been changed from 45 to 43 but the written word “forty-five” has not been changed. No explanation of this discrepancy has been offered by the parties. Ordinarily the written words would govern and be accepted rather than the figures which bear evidence of having been altered without any showing as to’ when the alteration was made. But the defendants in their argument have accepted the changed figures as representing the true due date of the last instalment under the contract. Under these conditions' we shall also accept them as correct.
From the quoted portion of the contract it will be seen that $2000' was due upon completion and acceptance of the building; $2500 thirty days thereafter, and $1963.60 forty-three days thereafter. In addition to the amount
The provision of the contract relied upon by the defendants is plain and unambiguous and authorizes the owner to retain out of any payment then due or thereafter to become due an amount sufficient to indemnify
As bearing upon the question whether there was anything due under the contract when the demand was made and the suit filed the plaintiff has pointed o\it that after this snit was filed the skating rink company paid $545 on the account and the claim is that this payment constituted a confirmation of his claim as alleged in his complaint. We do not think the payment under the circumstances of this case had that effect. The $545 was paid after the final instalment became due and in the absence of additional facts amounted to no more than an admission that at that time there was an amount due the plaintiff on his contract.
The decision and judgment are contrary to the law and the evidence and the exceptions thereto must therefore be sustained and it is so ordered.