Wise v. Schimmel, 230 P. 786

Mr. Justice Allen

delivered the opinion of the court.

This is аn action in forcible entry and detainer instituted in a justice court. The plaintiff charged unlawful dеtention of the property on the part of defendants as tenants who were in default in the payment of rent and had been given the necessary notice to quit. The defendants filed аn answer, attempting to put the title of plaintiff in dispute,' and asked that the case be cеrtified to the district court. The justice of the peace refused to certify the case, but assumed jurisdiction thereof and upon trial gave judgment for plaintiff. The defendants then filed in the distriсt court a petition for a writ of certiorari, and the writ was forthwith ordered issued. Thereaftеr the plaintiff moved to quash the writ, upon several grounds, and upon the hearing of such motion the district court quashed the writ. To review that ruling, the defendants have sued out this writ of error, and the cаuse is before us on their application for a supersedeas.

The defendants in the justice court in asking the justice of the peace to certify the case to the district сourt, invoked section 6042, C. L. 1921, which provides: “If in any action before a justice of ‍‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​​​‌‌​‍the peace relating to real estate, it shall appear that the title or boundaries arе in dispute, the justice shall certify the case and transmit the papers to the district court of the same county.”

The justice having refused to certify the case, it becomes necessary to determine whether the petition for a writ of certiorari alleges facts showing that title to the real estate involved was in dispute.

The petition for the writ alleges that defеndants filed an answer in the justice court denying every allegation of plaintiff’s complaint except that of defendants’ ‍‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​​​‌‌​‍possession. Merely a general denial of the allegаtions of the complaint would not be sufficient to make it appear that the title to rеal estate is in dispute. Bonnell v. Gill, 41 Colo. 59, 62, 92 Pac. 13. The petition, however, as did the answer in justice court, proceeds to allege facts tending to show that defendants are not holding as tenants but are in possession under a contract of purchase made between one Philip Wise, now decеased and under whom defendants claim, and one M. Morrison, acting as agent for one J. 0. Chasе who held a contract of purchase from one Mary" Eiser. In other words, defendants arе attempting to assert title in themselves. In our opinion, however, they neither plead faсts sufficient to assail the title of plaintiff nor to show title in themselves, but if they did successfully plead suсh matters, it would not bring the case within the statute upon which they rely, for this is not a case in which the title can be “in dispute” within the meaning of the statute.

In order to oust the jurisdiction of the justice of the peace the question of title ‍‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​​​‌‌​‍must ordinarily be directly and necessarily involved. 35 C. J. 500. We held in Hamill v. Bank of Clear Creek County, 22 Colo. 384, 45 Pac. 411, thаt in ordinary actions of forcible entry and detainer, title to the property is not involved аnd cannot be tried. To the same effect is Potts v. Magnes, 17 Colo. 364, 30 Pac. 58.

In the instant case, it is not the plaintiff’s title that is involved, or can be put in dispute, within the meaning ‍‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​​​‌‌​‍of the statute, but it is the issue of tenancy which is to be tried. The plaintiff brought the action under the fourth subdivision of section 6369, C. L. 1921, providing that a person shall be deеmed and held guilty of unlawful detention of real property when as tenant or lessee he “holds over, without permission of his landlord, after default in the payment of rent,” etc. In 35 C. J. 506, it is said: “Possessоry actions between landlord and tenant are as a rule within the jurisdiction of justices, since а tenant is es-topped to deny his landlord’s title so long as the relation of landlord and tenаnt continues.”

It may be that defendants had the right to plead that they were in possession, not аs ‍‌‌​‌‌​‌‌​‌​‌​‌​​​‌​‌‌​​‌‌‌‌‌​​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌‌‌​​​​‌‌​‍tenants, but as vendees, but that would not permit the question of title to be tried. Such pleading would оnly be one denying the tenancy alleged by plaintiff. Klopfer v. Keller, 1 Colo. 410.

There are, of course, some actions of forcible entry and detainer where it may become necessary for the justice of the peace to certify the case to the district court. Such cases are provided for in section 6374, C. L. 1921, being cases instituted under “the sixth, seventh, eighth and ninth sub-divisions” of section 6369, C. L. 1921, above cited. As before noted, the instant case was brought under the fourth subdivision of that section.

The petition for the writ of сertiorari is insufficient to show that the justice of the peace acted without or in exсess of jurisdiction in refusing to certify the case to the district court and in proceeding thereafter. The writ should not have issued originally, and, for that reason, the court was right in quashing the same. Union Pacific Ry. Co. v. Bowler, 4 Colo. App. 25, 34 Pac. 940; 11 C. J. 183.

The application for a supersedeas is denied and the judgment is affirmed.

Me. Justice Campbell and Me. Justice Sheafoe concur.

Case Details

Case Name: Wise v. Schimmel

Court Name: Supreme Court of Colorado

Date Published: Oct 6, 1924

Citations: 230 P. 786; 76 Colo. 184; 1924 Colo. LEXIS 501; No. 11,105.

Docket Number: No. 11,105.

Court Abbreviation: Colo.