20 F.2d 632 | 8th Cir. | 1927
Edward J. Wirfs, the appellant in this ease, brought a suit in equity against D. W. Bosley Company, a corporation, and Rodgers Hayne and Arthur Surridge, partners as Hayne-Surridge Company. The defendant Surridge was and is the agent of the Bosley Company, and the copartnership is its authorized distributor of its products, so that their rights and liabilities depend on those of that company, and they will not be farther noticed.
For more than 20 years prior to the commencement of this suit the Bosley Company> and since 1921 Mr. Wirfs, as competitors, 'have been manufacturing at St. Louis and selling throughout the nation weather strips and gaskets to make as near airtight as possible the doors of refrigerators and the doors and windows of other structures. Wirfs obtained two patents on certain improvements in gaskets, the first on his application filed November 28, 1921, issued January 22, 1924, No. 1,481,451,' and the second on his application filed January 8,1923, issued November 18, 1924, No. 1,516,130.
On February 10, 1925, Mr. Wirfs exhibited his bill in equity in the court below against the Bosley Company, first, for its infringement of each of his patents; second, for its infringement of certain copyrights he had secured; and, third, for unfair competition. The Bosley Company answered, denying the charges. Evidence was introduced, a final hearing was had, and the court below decided, first, that the Bosley Company had infringed the patents of Wirfs, that he should recover from it his damages and the profits the Bosley Company had derived from the use of his inventions, appointed a master to ascertain and report the amount of these profits, and enjoined the Bosley Company from farther infringement; second, “that, as to copyright infringement, the finding be against plaintiff, and the relief prayed for with respe'ct thereto be denied”; and, third, “that defendants have not been guilty of unfair competition against plaintiff and that relief with respect thereto be denied.” Thereupon the Bosley Company appealed from the decree and assigned as error that portion thereof which adjudged the validity of the patents and their infringe-; ment. That appeal is No. 7630 in this court (20 F.f2d] 629), and is deferred because leave has been granted to the Bosley Company to make a motion in the court below for permission to open the ease and present newly discovered evidence of prior use of the patented devices. Mr. Wirfs also appealed from the decree, and assigned the court’s denial of any relief to him on account of infringement of his copyrights and unfair competition by Bosley Company as error.
Upon the issue of infringement of the copyrights alleged Mr. Wirfs introduced in
Here are copies of the three cuts taken from the record:
End View.
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No. 1 is the anticipating cut from the National Builder.
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No. 2 is Wirfs’ copyrighted cut.
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No. 3 is the alleged infringing cut from defendants’ circular, Exhibit 11.
These'euts portray simple, common, familiar objects, necessarily and unavoidably similar to each other. But this similarity is far from sufficient under the evidence in this ease to sustain this suit for infringement of a copyright. The burden was on Mr. Wirfs to prove that the cut in defendants’ circular was not originally conceived, devised, or made by the Bosley Company or its officer or agent, but that it was copied directly or indirectly, from Ms copyrighted cut. He proved the exact contrary. He called Mr. Bosley as Ms witness, and, after he had been sworn to testify to the truth, on Ms direct examination by Mr. Wirfs’ counsel he testified as follows:
“Q. * * * Where did you get the il- ■ lustration on Exhibit III A. Where did I get it?
“Q. Yes. A. The artist made it.
“Q. The artist made it. Erom what did he make it? A. I showed Mm how to put the strip on the corner of the door and told Mm to draw it.
“Q. Wasn’t it drawn from one of Wirfs’ ? A. No, sir.
“Q. Pictures? A. No, sir; it is common application.”
A complainant who calls a defendant as a witness is bound by his testimony, unless he can by witnesses or other competent evidence show that his testimony is false. Coonrod v. Kelly (C. C. A.) 119 F. 841, 846; Standard Water Systems Co. v. Griscom-Russel Co. (C. C. A.) 278 F. 703, 705. This testimony of Mr. Bosley, the prior publication of the similar cut in the National Builder in 1922, and the presumption that it was then in the public domain leave no doubt in our minds that there was no substantial mistake of fact or error of lav; in the conclusion of the court below that Mr. Wirfs is entitled to no relief in equity on account of the alleged infringement of Ms copyrights, and the decree below upon that subject must be and it is affirmed.
We turn to the claim of counsel for Mr. Wirfs that the proof of unfair competition
Indispensable elements of a good cause of action for unfair competition by selling or palming off the goods of one manufacturer or vendor as those of another are, first, the wrongful fraudulent intention of the defendant to deceive purchasers of his goods into buying them as the goods of another; second, the sale or the probable sale of the defendant’s goods as those of another by reason of the defendant’s deceitful representations; and, third, damages inflicted upon the complainant by reason of such fraudulent misr representations and sales.
Gaskets are generally used on refrigerator doors, and weather strips on the doors, windows, and other openings of buildings. They all have the same general characteristics, and the terms “gaskets” and “weather strips” are used interchangeably. We will use the term “gaskets” as including both gaskets and weather strips. The prevailing form of a gasket consists of a long cylindrical or tubular roll of yielding packing, made of soft, fibrous cords, or other similar material, inclosed in the middle portion of a strip of preferably water proof fabric. The middle portion of the fabric incloses the tubular roll, and the sides or marginal portions of the strip form a lap or flange by means of which the gasket may be tacked or attached to the window, door, or other object where it is used. This tacking lap is normally composed of the two marginal portions of the inclosing strip, making a two-ply tacking lap. These marginal portions have been folded and stitched in different ways by different manufacturers at different times. The Bosley Company had been manufacturing and selling this gasket with the two marginal portions free, making a two-ply tacking lap, for more than 20 years when about September 3, 1923, and from that time until March, 1924, it made and sold gaskets the two plies of which were turned back on themselves and stitched together near the edge of the lap, thereby making a four-ply tacking lap.
This form of gasket is that patented to Wirfs in his first patent issued on January 22, 1924, about four months after the Bosley Company commenced to use it. Thereupon the Bosley Company stopped making or using this form of gasket in March, 1924, doubtless to prevent infringement upon that first patent. From the latter part of 1923 until the commencement of this suit the Bosley Company made and sold three-ply, single-stitch gaskets. On November 18, 1924, the second patent to Mr. Wirfs was issued for a gasket with a four-ply tacking lap, with two rows of stitching therein, one at the junction of the tacking lap with the tubular roll, and the other through the tacking lap at the outer
Counsel for Mr. Wirfs earnestly argue that the form and contents of the advertising circulars and cards of the Bosley Company clearly show, by their similarity to those of Mr. Wirfs, a persistent and intentional endeavor on its part to sell its gaskets as those of their client. We have carefully examined and compared each and all of the exhibits which were presented in this case to establish this claim. All or nearly all of the Bosloy Company’s advertising cards and circulars carry its name in clear bold letters, which one who reads or glances at eannot fail to see. There is similarity in some instances between the advertising of the Bosley Company and that of Wirfs, but neither that nor all the evidence in the case is sufficient in our opinion to warrant ns in finding that the Bosley Company had the wrongful and fraudulent intention to soli or palm off its gaskets as those of Mr. Wirfs on either the immediate or remoto purchasers thereof.
Counsel call our attention to and we have found no evidence in this record that any purchaser was ever deceived in all these years of competition into purchasing the Bosley Company’s gaskets for those of Wirfs, and, as the proof of the actual intent of Bosloy Company to deceive or defraud purchasers of its gaskets into buying them as those of Mr. Wirfs and as the proof of any sueh purchasers fails, that part of the decree below which adjudges that the defendants have not been guilty of unfair competition against Mr. Wirfs must be and it is affirmed.