54 S.E. 540 | N.C. | 1906
There was allegation and also evidence on the part of plaintiff tending to show that Susan Winkler, late a resident of the county of Burke, died intestate in said county about 26 March, 1903, and that on 6 August, 1903, defendant was duly qualified as her administrator.
2. That the defendant's intestate was the widow of Abram Winkler, who died in the county of Burke about twelve or thirteen years ago, *452 leaving at his death said widow, then living at the home place, and three sons and four daughters living at the time, all of whom had married and moved away many years before the death of either parent.
3. That after the death of said Abram Winkler, it became necessary for the defendant's intestate to have a constant attendant both day and night, as she was an exceedingly large and fleshy woman of advanced age, afflicted with dropsy and other diseases, and it was necessary for some one to provide her sufficient supply of food each day, and to see that it was suitably prepared.
4. That from about 20 June, 1892, to 26 March, 1903, the plaintiff had the sole responsibility and entire expense of taking care of her and giving her food, fuel, etc., and provided her all proper attention and service by his own labor, that of his wife, his three minor sons and help employed by him, both day and night, and with properly prepared food furnished three times a day and upward from his own house; that this labor and the amount of food so consumed was at all times much greater than would be required for an ordinary person, but especially during the last five or six years of the life of the defendant's intestate, while she was childish and greatly afflicted with dropsy, she was a constant care to the plaintiff, requiring persons to attend (577) to and work with her almost constantly day and night, and he was compelled to keep large fires going constantly, both day and night, both winter and summer, consuming an immense quantity of wood; said service, care and attention, and amounts paid physicians, burial expenses, etc., being of the value of $4,515.15.
5. That in order to be better able to render the services hereinbefore mentioned, the plaintiff moved from the place he was living at the time of his father's death to a point nearer his mother, but did not at any time reside in the house with her nor she with him; that he at one time started a new house for her, with her approval, close to his own for greater convenience, and got up the frame, but she changed her mind, not wishing to leave the old home, and her tore down the frame and erected another house nearer to her for the occupancy of Mrs. Wood and her children, who for about six years was the constant attendant of the defendant's intestate under employment by the plaintiff.
6. That during all the years aforesaid none of the other sons or daughters of the defendant's intestate ever contributed anything to her support, nor did any of them ever come to see her, except one daughter on a few occasions.
Plaintiff in his own behalf testified as follows: "I am plaintiff in this action. Have been married about thirty years. I built a house on my father's land and moved to myself three or four months after I was *453 married. I have lived by myself ever since. I afterwards bought the land on which I built. I moved to the place I now live a few months after my father's death."
Plaintiff then proposed to prove by his own testimony that "soon after the death of his father, in 1891, the children met together, and that the plaintiff told the others that if they or any of them would take the old lady and take care of her he would give them all his interest (578) in her estate; but that if he took care of her he should expect to be well paid. That the others declined to take care of her." At the close of the evidence the court said to counsel that he would charge the jury that upon the testimony, if believed, the plaintiff could not recover at all, and in deference to this intimation of the court, plaintiff excepted, submitted to a nonsuit and appealed.
It is ordinarily true that where services are rendered by one person for another, which are knowingly and voluntarily accepted, without more, the law presumes that such services are given and received in expectation of being paid for, and will imply a promise to pay what they are reasonably worth. This is a rebuttable presumption, for there is no reason why a man cannot give another a day's work as well as any other gift, if the work is done and accepted without expectation of pay. It is equally well established that when a child resides with a parent as a member of the family or with one who stands to the child in loco parentis, services rendered under such circumstances by the child for the parent are, without more, presumed to be gratuitous and no promise will be implied and no recovery can be had without proof of an express and valid promise to pay, or facts from which a valid promise to pay is to be reasonably inferred. This last position is usually considered as an exception to the general rule, and in this and most other jurisdictions obtains both as to adult and minor children. Wherever the same has been applied, however, to claims by adult children, so far as we can discover, it has been made to depend not alone on the fact of kinship in blood, but also on the fact that the adult child has continued to reside with the parent as a member (579) of the family. This additional fact of membership in the same family has been present in all the cases on this subject that we have noted in this State, from the case of Williams v. Barnes,
Thus, in Williams v. Barnes, supra, Ruffin, J., delivering the opinion of the Court, said: "It cannot be possible that the head of a harmonious household must drive each member off as he shall arrive at age or be bound to pay him wages or for occasional services unless he shows that it was agreed that he should not pay." In Dodson v. McAdams,
Counsel have not cited, nor have we been able to find, any case in this State where an adult child making a claim for services had removed from the home and family of the parent, had married and assumed the care and responsibility of a family of his own for and during the time the services were rendered. Courts of the highest authority in other jurisdictions, however, have dealt with the matter and have held that in such cases the general rule obtains that where such services are rendered and voluntarily accepted, a promise to pay therefor will be implied. Thus, in Parker v. Parker,
New trial.
Cited: Henderson v. McLain,