54 Mo. 213 | Mo. | 1873
delivered the opinion of the court.
This was an action of ejectment. The plaintiffs gave in evidence the will of their grandfather, which authorized his widow to sell the real estate in controversy; and this will was ordered to be filed for record, and a certificate to be granted. This was in Eeb’y, 1867.
On the same day a motion was made by the widow of the testator and his son, now defendant, for a new hearing, and it was granted, and the order establishing the will was set aside. Subsequently at the same term the will was rejected, and an order was made that a certificate of rejection be entered. At the same term Mary Ann Wilson, the widow, is appointed administratrix.
Iu April, 1867,Mary Ann Wilson files her election for dower, and prays the appointment of commissioners; and commissioners were appointed. In Nov., 1867, there appears an order stating, that Mary Ann Wilson, executrix of the last will of Tho. O. Wilson, prays for letters testamentary, and as it appeared to the court, that the said will had been proved and entered of record, it was therefore ordered that the letters of administration be revoked, and letters testamentary were granted.
It appears, that on the 30th Jan’y, 1868, Mary A. Wilson, executrix, executed a deed for the land in controversy to defendant. To the introduction of this deed it was objected that she had no power to make such a deed. A proceeding in the Circuit Court was then read in evidence. This was a petition on the part of Napoleon Wilson, on his own account, and as next friend of J. O. Wilson and E. Wilson, his sons, against Mary Ann Wilson and the County of Adair, and the object was to establish the will. This was at the Dec. Term, 1868; the result was, that the will was established and probated Jan’y
In April 1867, Mrs Wilson had 2’enonnced the will, and elected to take dower under the 11th Sec. of Rev. Stat., 1865, concerning Dower.
The court declared the law to be, that the deed of Mary A. Wilson in 1868, under the power given in the will, probated by the Circuit Court in 1869, was valid and conveyed the premises. And this presents the only question in the case. At the time the deed was made, the will, under which she assumed to act, was not probated; though subsequently it was, and the question is, “ if the subsequent probate by the Circuit Court related back to the time of executing the deed, and made it valid.”
There is no dispute in the case, that the will conveyed the property to Mary Ann Wilson during her life, and authoi’ized her to control it in any way, and especially to sell, lease, rent, mortgage or otherwise dispose of it.
One clause of the will is as follows: “I hereby authorize and empower my beloved wife, Mary Ann Wilson, whenever she thinks it for the interest of the estate to do so, to sell a part or the whole of the real estate,” and to invest the proceeds in part or in whole in good interest bearing promissory notes, United States bonds, or other safe securities; and all the acts of my said wife, Mary Ann Wilson, done in conformity with the authority herein conferred, shall be invested with, and possessed of, the same binding force and legality in both law and equity, that they woirld have, had they been executed by myself in my life time.”
There is a difference between an executor and an administrator’. The latter derives his power from the appointment by the Probate Court, and of course has no power until so appointed. The executor derives his power from the will, and the property vests in him from the moment of the testator’s death. (Abbott, C. J. in Woolley, Ex. vs. Clark, 5 B. & A., 744.)
Therefore, where a demise by an executor, the lessor of plaintiff in ejectment, was laid two years before the will was proved
3udge Redfield observes in his work on Administrators, that the distinction is not now practically of much importance; because, he regards it as well settled, that even in cases of administrators the title and right of the administrator after his appointment relates back to the death of the intestate. This doctrine of relation is a fiction of law to prevent injustice, and'the occurrence of injuries where otherwise there would be no remedy, and would not be applied in cases where the rights of innocent parties intervened.
In the case now under consideration, Mrs. Wilson had under the will a right to convey all or any part of the real estate. At the date of the deed, the will was not probated. Subsequently the will was established and proved in accordance with the law. Of course her ¡lower to convey was derived from the will, and if the will had been set aside, her deed would have been ineffectual; but the will was subsequently established, and,when established, it of course operated as a will and spoke from the moment of the testator’s death.
* The doctrine of relation therefore is not necessary in this ease. The will spoke from the testator’s death. The power of the executor existed then. That this will remained without probate for several years is immaterial, provided it was ultimately established
The judgment is affirmed.