300 F. 484 | 9th Cir. | 1924
The appellant was defendant in the court court below to a suit there brought by the present appellee, charging the defendant with infringement of the complainant’s trade-mark and unfair competition. In support of the bill a number of affidavits were filed, as also a motion for a preliminary injunction. The word “Nucoa” constitutes the appellee’s trade-mark, and the word “Pecoa” that subsequently used by the appellant, under which it is alleged to have carried on the unfair competition complained ot. The article sold by the respective parties was put up in one-pound cartons of similar shape and size; the background of the “Nucoa” carton being yellow, with the words on each side, “A pure wholesome spread for bread containing vital food elements for health and growth,” surrounded by blue lines, and on the top and bottom of the carton these words:
ONE POUND NET NUCOA
COCO-NUT BRAND FINEST TABLE QUALITY
OLEOMARGARINE Contains 1-30 of 1% Benzoate Soda THE BEST FOODS, INC.
Reg. U. S. Pat. Office
Opposite which is the figure'of a girl holding the handle of something in a cocoanut, on which are the words:
NUCOA
THE ORIGINAL
surrounded by blue lines; the hat and apron of the girl and the words “The Best Foods, Inc.,” also being in blue.
The cartons used by the appellant have a background of blue with these words on top:
PECOA
NUT MARGARINE
Contains 1-10 of 1% Benzoate of Soda Net Weight One Pound
OLEOMARGARINE.
And on one side these words :
PREPARED FROM PURE VEGETABLE OILS EXCELLENT FOR COOKING, BAKING AND AS A SPREAD FOR BREAD KEEP IN A COOL PLACE
The bill alleged, not only that the appellant’s trade-mark infringed that of the complainant, but also that defendant had simulated the complainant’s cartons, trade slogans, and certain other of its advertising matter, all of which allegations were put in issue by the answer. A large number of affidavits were filed in support of each, pleading by the respective parties. Upon the hearing of the motion, the court be
Upon such a question the well-settled rule‘is that the appellate court will not reverse the order of the court helow unless it is made to appear that that court abused the discretion with which it was invested. The decisions to that effect are so numerous that it will be enough to cite two made by this court. Southern Pacific Co. v. Earl, 82 Fed. 690, 27 C. C. A. 185; Twenty-One Mining Co. v. Original Sixteen to One Mine, Inc., 240 Fed. 106, 110, 153 C. C. A. 142.
The complainant alleged, among other things, in substance, that prior to July 25, 1905, it was engaged in manufacturing and- selling vegetable butter in commerce with foreign nations and among the several states under the trade-mark “Nucoa,” having prior thereto obtained registration thereof in the Patent Office of the United States, which has since been in full force and effect, and has been continuously used by it in the sale of vegetable butter and by those trom whom it derived its title, since on or about February 11, 1892; that, on or about May 24, 1920, complainant, in accordance with the acts of Congress (Comp. St. §§ 9517-9524, 9530-9584) relating to copyrights, deposited in the Patent Office for registration a print, the title of which is “Nucoa Churn Girl,” a certificate of which registration was duly issued under the seal of the Patent Office August 10, 1920, which print of the churn girl has been in constant use by complainant in connection with the sale of its vegetable butter product, nut margarine, sold under the trade-mark “Nucoa,” and is prominently displayed on its cartons; that the manufacture and sale of nut margarine constitute a very substantial portion of the complainant’s business, the gross annual receipts of which are in excess of $6,000,000; that it is a vegetable butter, composed principally of cocoanut oil and peanut oil churned in milk, and is extensively known and purchased as a safe, healthful, pure, economical food product, used for a table spread and for cooking purposes; that it contains no animal fats of any kind, and, except to the extent that it is churned in milk, contains no animal products, and is popularly known as and actually is a vegetable butter, which competes in all respects with butter churned from milk; -that in the year 1915 the complainant placed its nut margarine, upon the market inclosed in a distinctive type of container or carton, for the purpose of distinguishing it from all other products of a competing or similar nature; that at firsf its sales of that product were very small, but steadily increased from year to year, and it is now and for many years last past has proved to be an article o! unusual popularity, to the complainant’s great profit; that in or about July, 1917, complainant duly registered, pursuant to the laws of the state of California, the trade-mark “Nucoa Nut Margarine” for a vegetable butter, which registration was completed‘in or about September of that year, prior to which its trade-mark “Nucoa” was used by complainant in connection with the manufacture and sale of vegetable butter other than nut margarine; that, shortly after the complainant had commenced the sale of its nut margarine product under the trade-mark “Nucoa,” it introduced it under that mark to the western part of the United States, and particularly the territory known as the Pacific
Many of the affidavits filed on behalf of the complainant strongly tend to support the allegations of the bill, while some of those filed on behalf of the defendant to the suit were, in some respects, in contradiction of those averments. Manifestly, the trial court was not called upon on the application for a preliminary injunction to decide the merits of the case, nor would it have been proper for it to have undertaken to do so; but we think it perfectly plain that the similarity of the trade-marks and cartons of the respective parties was such that the court below cannot be properly held to have abused its discretion in granting the preliminary injunction complained of. There were, of course, innumerable names that the appellant could have selected, instead of that of “Pecoa,” and any number of sizes and shapes and designs and phrases under which to market its product, without adopting a name, carton, design, and phrase so similar to those of the complainant, as it did. '
The order is affirmed.