Clark, J.:

Every phase of defendant’s contention could be presented upon the issues submitted, and .the first three exceptions are without merit Patterson v. Mills, 121 N. C., 258 ; Coley v. Statesville, Ibid 301; indeed the issues were those properly arising on the pleadings. Denmark v. Railroad, 107 N. C., 185.

This case was here at a former term — 120 N. C., 508. After it went back, the plaintiff amended his complaint in several particulars, especially in charging negligence specifically in that the defendant ran the excursion train “without any notice to the section master of the hand car, though there was ample opportunity; that it was run at great speed, with no head-light on the engine, after 7 o’clock p. m., around a sharp curve known to be dangerous, and where it was impossible to see far ahead, and though a storm was raging, which prevented the train from being heard, no bell was rung nor any whistle sounded for the station at Blanch or the crossings near that place, though the track was much used by pedestrians, which fact was well known to the defendant; that the hand-car was also run at a dangerous speed and in disregard of the regulations caused by the failure of the defendant to give notice of the running *908 of said excursion train, and that the plaintiff was assigned a seat on the hand-car, and in nothing contributed to his own injury.”

The fourth exception was that the court refused to non-suit the plaintiff under the provisions of Chapter 109, Acts 1897. That Act was not intended to deprive parties of the right to trial by jury where there is any evidence, and it is but rare that counsel, who advise the bringing of an action, will not be able to produce at least enough evidence to carry the case to the jury. This has been sufficiently commented upon in Ice Company v. Railroad, Cable v. Railroad, Whitley v. Railroad, Johnson v. Railroad and other cases at this term, to make it plain that the court does not deem that the effect of the Act has been to make the weight and effect of the evidence in damage suits always a question of law for the courts.

The refusal of the defendant’s 1st., 12th. and 13th prayers are his 5th., 6th. and 7th exceptions.

The first prayer of the defendant was that “When the minds of the jury are indoubt (whether there was negligence or not) they must find for the defendant.” This was properly refused. It would not even be correct in a criminal action. In every case, civil or criminal, where there is conflicting evidence, there is probably more or less doubt in the minds of the jury. It is only when there is no reasonable doubt that they should find against the defendant in a criminal action. In a civil action, as the Judge charged, the burden is on the plaintiff to make out his case by the preponderance of the evidence.

The 12th prayer was properly refused. First, because it did not ask an instruction as to an issue or issues, but that ‘‘the plaintiff would not be entitled to recover,” *909 (Witsell v. Railroad Company, 120 N. C., 557; Bottoms v. Railroad, 109 N. C., 72; Farrell v. Railroad, 102 N. C., 390; McDonald v. Carson, 94 N. C., 497) and also because it leaves out of consideration whether, notwithstanding the plaintiff’s contributory negligence (if there was such), the defendant might have avoided the injury by reasonable care.

The 13th prayer was properly refused. It assumed that the rules and regulations were in evidence though the defendant failed to produce them when asked to put them in evidence, and the testimony of the witnesses differed from the recital of facts in the prayer. Besides, if there was a regulation that ‘ ‘it was the duty of the track foreman to protect himself against all trains, regular trains and extra, and was entitled to no notice,” it would be an unreasonable regulation.

The 8th and 9th exceptions are to the modifications of the 7th and 8 th prayers for instructions by adding the words “unless they believe the defendant was guilty of negligence in these other respects which I have mentioned.” These other respects were the failure to carry a headlight if dark enough to require it, and the failure to ring the bell or sound the whistle at public crossings, near' the point of collision, which were more than usually imperative in consideration of the sharpness of the curve, the darkness and the storm. All the balance of the thirteen prayers offered by the defendant were given.

The court properly told the jury that the plaintiff was not a passenger, but a mere licensee riding on the handcar by permission, and that as such he took all the risks of that mode of travel (such as injury by the hand-car running off the track, and the like). But this did not give the defendant the privilege' of killing or maiming *910 Rim at sight by its gross negligence in running a train at high speed out of schedule time, without notice to the foreman, without sounding the whistle at the crossings, ringing no bell, and without a head-light in the approaching darkness and in a raging storm.

The 10th and 11th exceptions are that there was no evidence to justify the charge of the court as to the absence of a headlight and the failure to sound the whistle at the crossings. These instructions were guarded and properly left to the jury the determination of the questions whether there was a necessity for a headlight, and .as to whether there were any public crossings near by, and whether the whistle was sounded. There was enough evidence to warrant his doing so.

The other exceptions present no substantial error. The case was fairly presented to the jury.

Affirmed.