25 W. Va. 609 | W. Va. | 1885
The first question presented by the record is: Did Alexander Ilays have a right to apply for a writ of error to this court from the decision of the circuit court ? If he did not have the right, we must quash this writ, of error as improvidently awarded. It is well settled, that a person, who is not a party to- the procediugs in the court below, in which the judgment complained of was rendered, can not obtain a writ of error from this Court to the judgment of the court, below. The statute, which gives the right to obtain a writ of error from this Court, is thus worded: “A party to a controversy in any circuit court may obtain from the Supreme Court of Appeals a writ of error to a judgment of such circuit court in the following cases/'- (specifying them.) Acts of 1882 chapter 157 section 1. It would hardly seem necessary to cite authorities to sustain the proposition above laid down. But plain as is the language of our present statute and of all others granting to the court of appeals the power to grant writs of error, yet it has been frequently necessary to dismiss writs of error, because they had been awarded to persons, who though interested in the judgment of the court below were not parties to the controversy. It is true the party entitled to writ of error need not have been originally a party to the controversy, when- the proceeding was first instituted in the court below. It is sufficient that he becomes a party to the controversy at any time during the progress of the case below. Many eases might be referred to as based on this. If, for instance, a chancery suit is instituted by a judgment-creditor to subject the land of his debtor to the payment of his
Many other cases might be referred to involving the same principle. But we will confine ourselves to those cases, which most strongly resemble the case before us. In nearly all the proceedings before a county court as now organized in this State there are, when the proceedings are instituted, no formal parties-defendant to the proceedings. In cases of contempt there is at first no formal plaintiff. In most other cases there are at first no formal defendants; as for instance in the establishment of roads; the regulation of roads; the establishment and regulation of bridges and of public landings and of furnaces and of mills; the probate of wills and the appointment and qualification of personal representatives, guardians, executors and committees and the settlement of their accounts. In all these cases a writ of error is allowed to the judgment or action of the county court to the circuit court. (See Acts of 1881 chapter 5 section 47.) The mode of reviewing these cases is called in this statute an appeal; but this is obviously a mere blunder, as will fully appear from section 14 of chapter 152 of Acts of 1882, where the mode of conducting these appeals is minutely prescribed; and it is obvious, that the circuit court is required to review the errors of law in such cases committed by the county court by writ of error erroneously called an appeal.' For the case in the circuit court is to be heard only on a transcript of the record from the county court and not upon new evidence in the circuit court;. and as the evidence in the county court in such cases is parol, it is evident, that this can not be a re-hearing of the case in the circuit court; and therefore it can not be an appeal, if any regard is paid to the meaning of the word appeal.
Now by whom is this judgment of the county court in all these cases to be taken up by writ of error to the circuit
It remains then to determine in such controversies before the county court, where there are no parties-defendants at the institution of the proceedings, what kind of interest in the subject of the controversy will entitle a person to be made a party to the controversy while pending before the county court and thus entitle him, if error be committed to his prejudice, to a writ of error. Of course no one on either an appeal or writ of error can have a case reversed in the appellate court, merely because there was error in the proceedings of the court below. It must affirmatively appear, that the appellant or plaintiff in error was prejudiced by the erroneous action of the court below. This Court has acted on this principle and affirmed so many decrees or judgments though erroneous, because they wei’e not prejudicial to the appellant or plaintiff in error, thatit is unnecessary to refer to cases. It is done at almost every term of this Court.
The question is, what kind of interest entitles one to be made a party to such controversy before a county court, which, if prejudiced by the action of the county court, entitles such party to a writ of error and a reversal of the judgment of the county court ? Must it be a vested interest, for which, if interfered with even under a judgment of the county court by the granting of what is asked by the applicant, would entitle such person to a pecuniary compensation; or will it suffice, that the interest, which may be prejudiced by the granting of the application asked, though nota vested interest or one entitling the injured party to any pecuniary compensation, if it be prejudiced by the action of the court, is nevertheless an interest peculiar to the person asking to be made a party to the controversy and not merely an interest, which he has in common -with all the other members of the community. It seems to me, an interest of this last character will suffice to give the person a right to be made a party to such controversy before the county court and a right to a writ of error and a reversal of the action of the court, if its action be erroneous and prejudicial to this peculiar though not vested interest. If this be not so, then in numerous cases
Suppose, for instance, a county court had authorized the placing of a gate across a public road, when it established the road, and the gate was authorized to be placed there because deemed by the county court of very great advantage to a number of persons living near where this gate was to be placed, in order that they might turn their cattle into this public road to get water from a run crossing the public road, and which gate would prevent the cattle when so turned out from wandering a great distance on the’road. An application is made to the county court to remove this gate. Should not one of these persons be allowed to make himself a party to this proceeding and to resist' the removing of this gate; and if the county court should remove it, should he not be permitted to have their action reviewed by the circuit court on writ of error; and if the record showed, that it had been proven, that very few of the general public ever used this road, and that thus the public were to a very small extent incommoded by the continuance of this gate, might not the circuit court reverse the decision at its discretion ? It seems to me, that to give any effect to a portion of section forty-seven of chapter five of Acts of 1881, we must hold, that such a party having such peculiar interest, though not a vested interest, should be permitted to be made a party to such controversy and should be allowed to take a writ of error to the circuit court. For if he could not, surely nobody could ever in such case take a writ of error; for no one could in such a case have a vested right, which would be invaded by an order of the county court removing such gate, or retracting its authority that it might be placed across the public road; and yet the third paragraph of section forty-seven of chapter five of Acts of 1881, authorizes an appeal or writ of error in such a case.
I have found no direct authority sustaining this viewr; but it obviously met the approval of this Court in Miller v. Hose,
Applying these views to the present case, it is obvious that Alexander Hays having an established ferry across the Ohio close to the proposed "Williamson ferry had a peculiar interest not common to him and the residue of the community in the matter before the county court. And though, as is admitted, Hays had no vested right to the exclusive privilege of transporting persons and teams by his ferry from the West Virginia side of the Ohio river to Matamoras in Ohio, still having, as the evidence shows, such peculiar interest differing from that of other members of the community he was properly allowed by the court to be a party to this controversy and to resist the opening of this new ferry, which, the facts prove show, would have reduced the value of his ferry-more than fifty per cent. And, when Williamson obtained his writ of error from the judgment of the county court refusing to establish this new ferry, Hays had a right to apply to this Court for a writ of error from this judgment of- the circuit court. (See Acts of 1882, chap. 157, sec. 1, paragraph 3, p. 505).-
In the case before us there was an old established ferry across the Ohio river opposite or nearly opposite Matamoras in the State of Ohio. The record does not show what is the size of the town or village, nor what amount of travel or business was done by persons living in this State with this town or village. The record does show that there had been at some previous time twice as much travel or business from this side of the river to Matamoras as now, and that the old or Hays’s ferry accommodated all this trade or travel well, though in so doing the proprietor on public days had sometimes to hire help. It was proven that this old or Ilays’s ferry was well kept and well attended; and that the site was quite as good if not better than that of the proposed ferry. It was on the other hand proven by the applicant, that the fact that the proposed ferry would be some half a mile or so distant from the old ferry and nearly opposite the other end of Matamoras, would reduce by a mile and a half the distance, which more than half the persons going to Matamoras from this side of the Ohio had to travel, ingoing to and returning. But the applicant failed to prove the amount of travel and traffic, which crossed the Ohio river from this side to Mata-moras, or whether it was sufficient to support even tolerably well two ferries; and though the proprietor of the old ferry was examined, yet no proof was produced of what profit he received from this ferry. There is nothing in the record, which gives us any idea, whether two ferries could be kept
For these reasons the judgment of the circuit court of Tyler rendered December 6,1883, must be reversed: and the plaintiff in error in this Court must recover of the defendant in error, A. R. Williamson, his costs in this Court expended ; and this Court must enter the judgment, which the circuit court of Tyler county should have rendered, aud affirm the judgment of the county court of Tyler rendered July 14, 1882, and decree against the plaintiff in error in that court, A. R. Williamson, the costs expended by the defendant in error in that court, Alexander Hays; and this ■ decree must be certified to the circuit court of Tyler county and by that court it must be certified to the county court of Tyler.
REVERSED.