97 Neb. 352 | Neb. | 1914
The defendant is a mutual accident insurance company, organized under the laws of this state. It issued its policy of insurance upon the life of one Dan N. Williams. Afterwards, in January, 1910, Williams died in the city of Portland, Oregon. This action was brought by his widow, Lucy E. Williams, in the district court for Douglas county, upon the certificate of membership. The plaintiff recovered a verdict and judgment in the sum of $5,462.10. The defendant has appealed.
The defendant contends that the evidence is not sufficient to support the verdict; that the action was barred by the contract of limitation, not having been begun within one year from the time of making of proof of death; that the claim was settled and adjusted by the defendant before the commencement of the action; that the trial court erred in giving certain instructions to the jury, and also erred in refusing to give an instruction requested hy the defendant.
1. The' certificate of membership was issued in July, 1902. At that time-agreements in contracts as to the time in which actions might he brought were contrary to public policy and void. This had been declared in several decisions of this court. Miller v. State Ins. Co., 54 Neb. 121.
This action was begun in July, 1911, about 18 months after the death of the insured. The by-law, as amended, provides that no action could be begun more than a year after the cause of action accrued. It also provides that
The defendant’s by-laws provide that it shall be the duty of the executive board to “decide on all proofs of accident and of death by accident.” It seems that the secretary was not empowered to decide those matters. The plaintiff claimed that the death of the insured was caused by an accidental fall while alighting from a street car, on the 25th day of December, 1909, and that he died on the 3d day of January, 1910. The company’s by-laws required that written notice of the accident must be received at the office within 15 days from the date of the accident, and that proof of death should be filed in that office within 30 days from the date of death. On the 18th of January, 1910, the plaintiff sent the defendant a formal statement showing the death of the insured. This statement was upon a blank furnished by the company, and was entitled “Claimant’s preliminary statement,” and stated that it was “made for the purpose of giving information to the said association to obtain benefits therefrom under final proofs to be hereafter furnished by me.” Several affidavits were also submitted with the statement with a letter referring to the-papers as “Claimant’s preliminary statement,” and requesting the defendant to correspond concerning the matter with Lee Meyers, of Portland, Oregon, who was plaintiff’s nephew. Upon receipt of this letter Mr. Butts, the defendant’s secretary, wrote to Mr. Meyers, stating that he had received a letter requesting the company to address Mr. Meyers. In this letter the secretary made no reference to the papers which he had received, and made no objection to the delay in furnishing what was to be considered as final proof, but said: “In connection with this-matter will say that the evidence at han'd indicates that Mr. Williams’ death was due to natural causes.”
About a month later the plaintiff wrote Mr. Butts a letter in which she said: “I received through Mr. L. H._
Mr. Butts answered this letter as follows: “This will acknowledge receipt of your letter of the 18th inst. It is .with deep regret that we learn of your unfortunate circumstances as the result of the death of your husband, Mr. Dan N. Williams, whom we have always highly esteemed as a prominent member of this association. As an expression of our kind feeling on account of the circumstances so plainly stated in your letter, we are inclosing you herewith our check for $100, which will more than reimburse' you for the amount paid into the association by Mr. Williams. This is not the practice of our association, but we feel that this amount will be acceptable and appreciated. It is customary where a membership is terminated to surrender the certificate, and if certificate No. 9823 is in your possession, please return to us by early mail when you acknowledge receipt of this letter. By this letter we waive none of our rights in the premises.”
Afterwards the plaintiff employed Mr. Crum, an attorney, who wrote to the defendant April 26, 1910, stating that he had the policy in question, and that “Mr. Williams accidentally fell on the 25th day of December, 1909,. striking his head on the pavement. He died on or about the 3d day of January, 1910, as a result of his injury. On being notified of the accident you forwarded Mrs. Williams a check for $100, which leaves a balance due her of $4,900. Kindly let me hear from you.” He received no answer, and afterwards wrote another letter, an'd still received no answer. He again wrote on the 15th of July, 1910, inclosing formal proof of the death of Mr. Williams as a result of the accident. August 9, Í910, Mr.. Butts wrote á letter to Mr. Crum, in which he acknowledged the receipt of “various letters,” and stated: “We-made no response to these letters as final settlement had been made with Mrs. Williams direct, and her receipt dated February 23, 1910, is as follows:” He then set out a Copy of the proviso which he had written in the check which he-sent to Mrs. Williams, and said: “We therefore consider the matter closed.”
Bearing in mind that the plaintiff under the defendant’s-by-laws could not maintain an action-until 90 days after final proof had been received by the company, and that the company by furnishing her with formal blanks had induced her to suppose that her first proofs which she sent were preliminary only, and that the company had not up to this time acknowledged the receipt of the proofs contemplated in the contract, and that the proofs already submitted had not been considered by the executive committee, which alone was qualified to pass upon them, it must be conceded that the defendant’s conduct would naturally, if not so intended, mislead the plaintiff -in regard to the completeness of the proof. The company received and retained the formal proofs sent them July 15, 1910; No-objection was made to the delay as a ground for contesting the claim. Indeed the delay may well have been caused.
2. The defendant strongly argues that the receipt of the check above recited, and receiving and keeping the money thereon, operates as a compromise and full settlement of the plaintiff’s claim against the defendant. It is true that the language contained in the check, if agreed to by the parties, would amount to a compromise and settlement, as contended. The plaintiff testifies that, on account of the condition in which she was left by the death of her husband, she did not give such attention to the transaction as she would ordinarily have given to transactions of this nature; that she did not read the check, had never before received but one check in her life, and that she understood that the purpose of the check was solely to enable her to get the money from the bank, and not for the purpose of expressing the condition upon which the check was given. It is urged that the plaintiff was careless in not •examining the check and not knowing its contents. Ordinarily such a suggestion would have great force. The letter which she wrote to the company, however, would indicate that she might not be as careful in examining financial transactions as business men are generally supposed to be, and the letter of the secretary in which he inclosed the check indicates that he realized that fact and supposed that she might not comprehend the force of the words which he had put in the check, and also indicates that he expected that she would not agree to such a compromise if fully understood by her, and designed to take advantage of that fact. He says that the check is sent her “as an expression
3. The by-laws of the company contained the provision that, for “death resulting from cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral paralysis, apoplexy or heart failure caused by accidental injuries,” the amount payable shall be limited to $500. The defendant contends that the death of the insured was caused by cerebral hemorrhage, and therefore the court should have instructed the jury that in any case they could not find a verdict for more than $500. The evidence was that the deceased fell heavily, striking the back of his head on the frozen ground. Some of the witnesses testified that the covering of the brain was discolored; and it would appear from the evidence that the blood • vessels were bruised and partly broken in the covering of the brain, and perhaps in some parts of the brain itself, so that some blood escaped among the tissues. The expert witnesses described it as ecchymosis, caused by the blow. Ecchymosis, according to Webster’s New International dictionary, is: “A livid or black-and-blue spot, produced by the extravasation or effusion of blood into the areolar tis-’ sue. It is caused by a contusion and generally attended by swelling.” So far as the evidence in the record shows, a
The contention that the $100 received by the plaintiff should have been returned before the commencement of this action is without merit, under the circumstances in this case. It is not necessary that the evidence should be so conclusive upon the various questions of fact presented that the court must have found the issues as the jury did. When the evidence is substantially conflicting, such questions are for the jury, and their verdict will not be disturbed, unless, upon the whole record, it appears that it is clearly wrong.
The judgment of the district court is
Affirmed.