Defendants James F. Logan and James F. Logan, P.C. (hereinafter defendants), appeal by leave granted the trial court’s order denying their motion to compel the redeposition of plaintiff. On appeal, defendants contend the trial court erred in concluding that a prior circuit court order establishing the paternity of plaintiff’s son prevented defendants from conducting discovery *474 on and litigating the paternity issue. We agree and reverse.
In 1976, John Sommer, who was unmarried, was killed in an automobile accident. Joseph Sommer, his brother, as personal representative, retained defendants to represent the decedent’s estate and filed a wrongful death action, MCL 600.2922; MSA 27A.2922. On June 17, 1980, the parties settled the case for $85,000. Judge Thomas J. Brennan entered a consent judgment fоr that amount and certified the matter to probate court. The certification to the probate court provided that, because the decedent was unmarried, the sole heirs werе his parents.
On August 16, 1981, plaintiff moved to set aside the consent judgment and certification to probate court on the ground that her son was the illegitimate son and sole heir of the decedent. Upon completion of an evidentiary hearing on plaintiff’s claim, Judge Brennan found that the decedent was the father of plaintiffs son. The judge concluded that, because plaintiffs son was the only рerson who could inherit the decedent’s property, he alone was entitled to damages in the wrongful death action. Although Judge Brennan found that both decedent’s brother and father were aware of his relationship to plaintiffs son, the judge could not conclude with certainty that there was a deliberate effort to defraud or an intentional misrepresentation to the court. A new consent judgment and certification to probate court were entered to reflect the court’s rulings. On August 16, 1985, Judge Brennan issued an order amending the certification to probate court of the рroceeds recovered under the wrongful death act and ordered redistribution of those proceeds in accordance with our Supreme Court’s decision in
Crystal v Hubbard,
On February 25, 1987, plaintiff filed this malpractice action and alleged in her complaint that defendant Logan was professionally negligent in rendering service tо the decedent’s estate. The complaint specifically alleged:
a. Defendant, James F. Logan, knew or should have known of the existence of a minor child of the decedent, John Sоmmer.
b. That as a result of the negligent act and/or ommission [sic] stated above, Defendant, James F. Logan, undervalued the case, and settled for less than a reasonable amount [1]
During plaintiffs deposition on August 20, 1987, she refused to answer inquiries concerning her son’s paternity. Plaintiff asserted that paternity had been conclusively established by the earlier consent judgment and certification to рrobate court and that defendants were precluded both from discovery which might undermine that judgment and from relitigating the paternity issue. On January 28, 1988, defendants moved to compel the redepositiоn of plaintiff, but the trial judge, James A. Hathaway, J., denied the motion and suggested that defendants go back before Judge Brennan to try to reopen the matter. Judge Hathaway explained:
I don’t believe that I really have the right to start a process that would question the integrity of [Judge Brennan’s] decision in that matter and I think that is really what you’re asking me to do.
*476 I just am not going to allow you to involve me and this particular court in a process that raises issues that should have been raised before Judge Brennan if there are any.
Judge Hathaway denied defendants’ motion for reconsideration, and they applied for, and were granted, leave to appeal to this Court. Subsequently, Judge Brennan denied defendant Blaise A. Repasky’s motion to relitigate the paternity issue before him.
Defendants contend that the trial court erred in preventing them from conducting discovery upon and litigating the issue of paternity. A motion to compel discovery is a matter within the trial court’s discretion, and thе court’s decision to grant or deny a discovery motion will be reversed only if there has been an abuse of that discretion.
Eyde v Eyde,
Rules governing discovery are to be liberally construed in order to further the ends of justice.
Daniels v Allen Industries, Inc,
Generally, parties may obtain discovery regarding any matter which is not privileged and is relevant to the subject matter involved in the pending action. MCR 2.302(B)(1);
Fitzpatrick v Secretary of State,
It is not ground for objection that the informa *477 tion sought will be inadmissible at trial if the information sought аppears reasonably calculated to lead to the discovery of admissible evidence.
In an action for legal malpractice, the plaintiff must prove (1) the existence оf an attorney-client relationship, (2) the acts of the attorney which are alleged to have constituted negligence, (3) that the negligence proximately caused the injury, and (4) the fact and extent of the injury alleged.
Adell v Sommers, Schwartz, Silver & Schwartz, PC,
The crux of this case is whether Judge Brennan’s finding in the wrongful death action that the decedent was the father of the plaintiffs son es-tops or otherwise bars defendants from litigating the issue of paternity. We conclude that it does not.
Collateral estoppel precludes relitigation of an issue in a subsequent, different cause of action between the same parties where the prior proceeding culminated in a valid and final judgment and
*478
the issue was actually litigated and necessarily determined.
People v Gates,
Under the requirement of privity, оnly parties to the former judgment or their privies may take advantage of or be bound by it. A party in this connection is one who is "directly interested in the subject matter, and had a right to make defense, оr to control the proceedings, and to appeal from the judgment.” A privy is one who, after rendition of the judgment, has acquired an interest in the subject matter affected by the judgment through or under one of the parties, as by inheritance, succession, or purchase. [Citations omitted.]
In this case, defendants were the attorney and law firm representing the decedent’s estate in the wrongful dеath action. In that capacity, they did not acquire any interest in the subject matter affected by the judgment in that action. Although defendants had an interest in the sense that they were to receive fees for their services, we are not persuaded that such an interest made them privies; it merely made them independent contractors acting on behalf of their client, the estate. 2 _
*479
In arguing that defendants were parties to the wrongful death action, plaintiff relies upon this Court’s decision in
Knoblauch v Kenyon,
MCR 2.613(B) also does not prevent discovery оn the paternity issue. Judge Brennan’s order regarding paternity in the wrongful death case stands, and a contrary ruling by Judge Hathaway in plaintiff’s malpractice action would not have the effect of sеtting aside or vacating Judge Brennan’s order.
Reversed and remanded for proceedings consistent with this opinion. We do not retain jurisdiction._
Notes
1 Plaintiff subsequently filed a first amended complaint, which stated the same allegations against defendants as the original complaint, quoted above.
An attorney with an interest, or potential interest, in a client’s action could run afoul of the Michigan Rules of Professional Conduct. MRPC 1.8(j), for example, provides:
A lawyer shall not acquire a proprietary interest in the cause *479 of action or subject matter of litigation the lawyer is conducting for a client, except that the lawyer may:
(1) acquire a lien granted by law to secure the lawyer’s fee or expenses; and
(2) contract with a client for a reasonable contingent fee in a civil case, as permitted by Rule 1.5 and MCR 8.121.